Tone Rustøen

• Brandvold, Malin; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Stubberud, Jan Egil; van den Boogaard, Mark & Hofsø, Kristin (2024). Inter-rater agreement between patient- and proxy-reported cognitive functioning in intensive care unit patients: A cohort study. Australian Critical Care. ISSN 1036-7314. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2024.03.003.
• Nyhagen, Ragnhild; Egerod, Ingrid; Rustøen, Tone; Lerdal, Anners & Kirkevold, Marit (2024). Family Members' Engagement in Symptom Communication, Assessment, and Management in the Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing. ISSN 0730-4625. 43(3), p. 111–122. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000637.
• Friberg, Klara; Hofsø, Kristin; Rustøen, Tone; Ræder, Johan; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Puntillo, Kathleen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Patient characteristics associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in intensive care unit survivors during a one-year follow-up: A multicenter study. Heart & Lung. ISSN 0147-9563. 66, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.02.011.
• Mesina, Renato Jr Santiago; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Laake, Jon Henrik & Hofsø, Kristin (2024). Long-term functional disabilities in intensive care unit survivors: A prospective cohort study. Australian Critical Care. ISSN 1036-7314. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.11.008.
• Bentsen, Signe Berit; Eide, Geir Egil; Wiig, Siri; Rustøen, Tone; Heen, Cathrine & Bjøro, Benedikte (2024). Patient positioning on the operating table and patient safety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. doi: 10.1111/jan.16049.
• Myrenget, Martin Elstad; Rustøen, Tone; Myskja, Audun X.; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Rangul, Vegar & Håpnes, Odd Sigfast [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). The effect of a music-based caregiving intervention on pain intensity in nursing home patients with dementia: a cluster-randomized controlled study. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 165(7), p. 1550–1558. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003156. Show summary

  Treatment of chronic pain in patients with dementia is challenging because they have reduced ability to report pain and are particularly vulnerable to side effects of analgesics. Different types of music-based therapy have been recommended and are used as an alternative to analgesics, but the evidence is lacking. Therefore, we performed a cluster-randomized controlled study (RCT) to reduce pain intensity using music-based caregiving (MBC) over 8 weeks in nursing home patients with dementia and chronic pain. We also investigated if the amount of MBC and different chronic pain syndromes would impact on the effect. Of the 645 patients, 498 patients from 36 wards in 12 nursing homes were screened for dementia and pain. Using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and the Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia Pain Scale (range 0-10), 279 (71% females, 42% severe dementia) nursing home patients were randomized to intervention group (n = 134, 18 wards) or control group (n = 145, 18 wards). The main outcome was change in pain intensity before and after the intervention. The study did not reveal any effect of MBC on pain intensity when compared with the control group (B = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.72 to 0.43]). No significant difference was found within the intervention group analyzing the impact of intervention time (B = 0.73, 95% CI [-0.55 to 2.02]) or chronic primary vs secondary pain syndromes (B = 0.45, 95% CI [-0.05 to 0.96]). Our data from this first RCT on music and pain intensity in patients with dementia and chronic pain did not find an effect of MBC on pain.

• Nyhagen, Ragnhild; Egerod, Ingrid; Rustøen, Tone; Lerdal, Anners & Kirkevold, Marit (2023). Three patterns of symptom communication between patients and clinicians in the intensive care unit: A fieldwork study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. doi: 10.1111/jan.16007. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansen, Christin Saltnes; Rustøen, Tone; Beitland, Sigrid; Puntillo, Kathleen; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Lerdal, Anners [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Self-reported symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients: a prospective observational multicenter study. Intensive Care Medicine. ISSN 0342-4642. 49, p. 1370–1382. doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07219-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Berntzen, Helene; Rustøen, Tone & Kynø, Nina M (2023). “Hope at a crossroads” – Experiences of hope in intensive care patients: A qualitative study. Australian Critical Care. ISSN 1036-7314. 37(1), p. 120–126. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.07.037.
• Friberg, Klara; Hofsø, Kristin; Ræder, Johan; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Olsen, Brita Fosser (2023). Prevalence of and predictive factors associated with high levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms 3 months after intensive care unit admission: A prospective study. Australian Critical Care. ISSN 1036-7314. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.06.005.
• Bjørnøy, Ingrid; Rustøen, Tone; Mesina, Renato Jr Santiago & Hofsø, Kristin (2023). Anxiety and depression in intensive care patients six months after admission to an intensive care unit: A cohort study. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. ISSN 0964-3397. 78. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103473.
• Dokken, Mette; Rustøen, Tone; Diep, Lien My; Fagermoen, Frode Even; Huse, Rakel Iren & Egerod, Ingrid [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Implementation of an algorithm for tapering analgosedation reduces iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in pediatric intensive care. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. doi: 10.1111/aas.14288.
• Högvall, Lisa maria; Egerod, Ingrid; Herling, Suzanne Forsyth; Rustøen, Tone & Berntzen, Helene (2023). Finding the right words: A focus group investigation of nurses' experiences of writing diaries for intensive care patients with a poor prognosis. Australian Critical Care. ISSN 1036-7314. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.02.002.
• Austenå, Mona; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Valsø, Åse; Sunde, Kjetil & Tøien, Kirsti (2023). Return to work during first year after intensive care treatment and the impact of demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. ISSN 0964-3397. 76. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103384. Full text in Research Archive
• Myrenget, Martin Elstad; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Rustøen, Tone; Butler, Stephen; Thorsvik, Dagfinn & Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Chronic pain conditions and use of analgesics among nursing home patients with dementia. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 164(5), p. 1002–1011. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002794.
• Bjøro, Benedikte; Ballestad, Ingvild; Rustøen, Tone; Fosmark, Monica Hetlesæther & Bentsen, Signe Berit (2022). Positioning patients for robotic-assisted surgery: A qualitative study of operating room nurses' experiences. Nursing Open. ISSN 2054-1058. 10(2), p. 469–478. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1312. Full text in Research Archive
• Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Rustøen, Tone; Thoresen, Magne; Holm, Are Martin & Bentsen, Signe Berit (2022). Stability of distinct symptom experiences in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 201, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106944. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose This study aimed to examine reclassification rates among classes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients based on their distinct symptom experiences and to assess how these subgroups differed in symptom scores and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes over one year. Moreover, we wished to assess how these subgroups differed in demographic and clinical characteristics at 12 months. Patients and methods This is a follow-up study of 267 patients with moderate, severe, and very severe COPD. Based on their distinct symptom experiences using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), three subgroups (i.e., “high”, “intermediate”, and “low”) were identified at baseline. In the present study, transitions between the subgroups at three, six, nine, and 12 months were investigated and calculated as reclassification rates. Differences among the subgroups in symptom scores and HRQoL at each time point and demographic and clinical characteristics at 12 months were evaluated using analysis of variance with post hoc comparisons. Results Almost 65% were still in the “high” class after 12 months. At 12 months, pairwise comparisons for respiratory function measurements were not significantly different. Compared to the “intermediate” and “low” class, patients in the “high” class were more likely to be women and had significantly more comorbidities, reported a significantly higher number of symptoms at all time points, and worse HRQoL scores. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the pattern of a high symptom burden in COPD is consistent over time. The patients' individual symptom experiences should be the primary focus of treatment.

• Nyhagen, Ragnhild; Egerod, Ingrid; Rustøen, Tone; Lerdal, Anners & Kirkevold, Marit (2022). Unidentified communication challenges in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study using multiple triangulations. Australian Critical Care. ISSN 1036-7314. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2022.01.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Aamodt, Arild; Badawy, Mona; Bergvad, Ingvild Buset; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Furnes, Ove Nord [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2021). The effectiveness of exercise therapy and education plus cognitive behavioral therapy, alone or in combination with total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis – study protocol for the MultiKnee trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 22:1054, p. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04924-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background One in five patients report chronic pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and are considered non-improvers. Psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), combined with exercise therapy and education may contribute to reduced pain an improved function both for patients with OA or after TKA surgery, but the evidence for the effectiveness of such interventions is scarce. This randomized controlled trial with three arms will compare the clinical effectiveness of patient education and exercise therapy combined with internet-delivered CBT (iCBT), evaluated either as a non-surgical treatment choice or in combination with TKA, in comparison to usual treatment with TKA in patients with knee OA who are considered candidates for TKA surgery. Methods The study, conducted in three orthopaedic centers in Norway will include 282 patients between ages 18 and 80, eligible for TKA. Patients will be randomized to receive the exercise therapy + iCBT, either alone or in combination with TKA, or to a control group who will undergo conventional TKA and usual care physiotherapy following surgery. The exercise therapy will include 24 one hour sessions over 12 weeks led by a physiotherapist. The iCBT program will be delivered in ten modules. The physiotherapists will receive theoretical and practical training to advise and mentor the patients during the iCBT program. The primary outcome will be change from baseline to 12 months on the pain sub-scale from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Secondary outcomes include the remaining 4 sub-scales from the KOOS (symptoms, function in daily living, function in sports and recreation, and knee-related quality of life), EQ-5D-5L, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the 30-s sit-to-stand test, 40-m walking test and ActiGraph activity measures. A cost-utility analysis will be performed using QALYs derived from the EQ-5D-5L and registry data. Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of exercise therapy and iCBT with or without TKA, to optimize outcomes for TKA patients. Findings from this trial will contribute to evidence-based ersonalized treatment recommendations for a large proportion of OA patients who currently lack an effective treatment option. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03771430. Registered: Dec 11, 2018.

• Smeland, Anja Hetland; Twycross, Alison; Lundeberg, Stefan; Småstuen, Milada C. & Rustøen, Tone (2021). Educational Intervention to Strengthen Pediatric Postoperative Pain Management: A Cluster Randomized Trial. Pain Management Nursing. ISSN 1524-9042. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.09.007.
• Stjernberg, Mi; Schlichting, Ellen; Rustøen, Tone; Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Ræder, Johan (2021). Postdischarge pain, nausea and patient satisfaction after diagnostic and breast conserving ambulatory surgery for breast cancer: a cross sectional study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 00, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/aas.14015. Full text in Research Archive
• Dokken, Mette; Rustøen, Tone; Diep, Lien My; Fagermoen, Frode Even; Huse, Rakel Iren & Rosland, Gudny Abrahamsen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome frequently occurs in paediatric intensive care without algorithm for tapering of analgosedation. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 65(7), p. 928–935. doi: 10.1111/aas.13818.
• Valsø, Åse; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Puntillo, Kathleen; Skogstad, Laila & Bredal, Inger Schou [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Occurrence and characteristics of pain after ICU discharge: A longitudinal study. Nursing in Critical Care. ISSN 1362-1017. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12701.
• Laake, Jon Henrik; Buanes, Eirik A.; Småstuen, Milada C.; Kvåle, Reidar; Olsen, Brita Fosser & Rustøen, Tone [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Characteristics, management and survival of ICU patients with coronavirus disease-19 in Norway, March-June 2020. A prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 65(5), p. 618–628. doi: 10.1111/aas.13785. Full text in Research Archive
• Reine, Elizabeth; Aase, Karina; Ræder, Johan; Thorud, Anne; Aarsnes, Reidunn & Rustøen, Tone (2021). Exploring postoperative handover quality in relation to patient condition: A mixed methods study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 30(7-8), p. 1046–1059. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15650. Full text in Research Archive
• Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen; Dihle, Alfhild; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Endresen, Anne & Rustøen, Tone (2021). The effects of a psycho-educational intervention to improve pain management after day surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 30(7-8), p. 1132–1143. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15659. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims and objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention for shoulder and breast day surgery patients in decreasing pain intensity and pain interference with function and strengthening adherence with the analgesic regimen; and further to identify factors that influence average pain intensity and pain interference with function. Background Pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms after day surgery. However, pain management is left to the patients and family, and interventions to help patients are needed. Design Randomised clinical trial with an intervention (n = 101) and a usual care group (n = 119) using multiple measurements during 6 months postoperatively. The CONSORT checklist is used. Methods Patients in the intervention group received a booklet about pain and pain management and coaching by research nurses on postoperative days 2, 3 and 7. Differences between groups were identified using the chi-squared analysis and t tests. Changes with time were identified using a linear mixed model with repeated measures. Results After controlling for covariates, group differences at any time in average pain intensity and pain interference with function were not statistically significant. Changes over time within any one group in average pain intensity and pain interference with function were statistically significant and decreased with time. Higher levels of average pain intensity and pain interference over time were associated with shoulder surgery, female, younger, pain expectation, preoperative pain and poorer adherence. Conclusions No group differences related to the intervention were revealed, and preoperative teaching together with a pain management booklet and coaching may help to strengthen the intervention's effects. Further research on interventions directed towards pain management is needed. Relevance to clinical practice Day surgery patients’ postoperative pain and pain management is not satisfactorily handled. To encourage and educate patients to use the prescribed analgesics in the immediate postoperative days may be necessary to enhance pain management.

• Valsø, Åse; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada C; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila & Bredal, Inger Schou [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Effect of Nurse-Led Consultations on Post-Traumatic Stress and Sense of Coherence in Discharged ICU Patients With Clinically Relevant Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 0090-3493. 48(12), p. 1218–1225. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004628. Show summary

  Objectives: To investigate the effect of nurse-led consultations on reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms and increasing sense of coherence in discharged ICU patients with clinically relevant post-traumatic stress symptoms and to identify variables associated with symptoms 12 months later. Design: A pragmatic nonblinded randomized controlled trial. Settings: Five surgical and medical ICUs at Oslo University Hospital. Patients: Adult patients treated in the ICU greater than or equal to 24 hours were screened with Post-Traumatic Stress Scale 10 intensive part B after ICU discharge. Those scoring greater than or equal to 25 were included in the study. Intervention: Patients randomized to intervention group were offered three nurse-led consultations within 2 months, and patients in the control group received standard care. Measurements and Main Results: Sense of Coherence Scale 13 and Post-Traumatic Stress Scale 10 intensive part B were completed after inclusion, and reevaluated after 3, 6, and 12 months. Linear mixed model for repeated measures and linear regression analyses were performed. Among 523 screened patients, 111 and 113 were randomized to intervention group and control group, respectively. Mean Post-Traumatic Stress Scale 10 intensive part B score was 37 (±10) before randomization. No differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms or sense of coherence were found between intervention group versus control group, with a mean Post-Traumatic Stress Scale 10 intensive part B score 39 (95% CI, 37–41) versus 37 (95% CI, 35–39), 32 (95% CI, 28–35) versus 32 (95% CI, 29–35), 31 (95% CI, 28–34) versus 30 (95% CI, 27–33), and 31 (95% CI, 28–34) versus 29 (95% CI, 26–33) at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. There was a significantly reduced Post-Traumatic Stress Scale 10 intensive part B score for both groups during the year (p = 0.001). Low sense of coherence, pain, and previous psychiatric problems were associated with increased level of post-traumatic stress symptoms at 12 months. Conclusions: Nurse-led consultations did not reveal any significant effect on post-traumatic stress symptoms or sense of coherence after ICU discharge in patients with clinically relevant symptoms.

• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Hofsø, Kristin; Bjordal, Kristin & Rustøen, Tone (2020). Cancer patients’ diagnosis and symptoms and their family caregivers’ self-efficacy and social support are associated with different caregiver reactions. European Journal of Cancer Care. ISSN 0961-5423. 29:e13311(6), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/ecc.13311.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Cooper, Bruce A.; Aamodt, Arild & Lerdal, Anners (2020). Preoperative risk factors associated with chronic pain profiles following total knee arthroplasty. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. p. 1–13. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1703. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Brita Fosser; Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen; Jacobsen, Morten; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Puntillo, Kathleen & Rustøen, Tone (2020). Pain in intensive care unit patients—A longitudinal study. Nursing Open. ISSN 2054-1058. 8(1), p. 224–231. doi: 10.1002/nop2.621. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: To assess occurrence of pain during the first 6 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and evaluate associations between occurrence of pain and selected patient‐related variables. Design: A longitudinal study. Methods: Adult ICU patients from three units were included. Patients' pain was assessed with valid pain assessment tools every 8 hr during their first 6 days in ICU. Possible associations between occurrence of pain and selected patient‐related variables were modelled using multiple logistic regression. Results: When pain was assessed regularly with pain assessment tools, 10% of patients were in pain at rest and 27% were in pain during turning. The proportions of patients who were in pain were significantly higher for patients able to self‐report pain, compared with patients not able to self‐report (p < .001). Several predictors were associated with being in pain. It is important to be aware of these predictors in order to improve pain management.

• Bentsen, Signe Berit; Holm, Are Martin; Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Henriksen, Anne Hildur; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Rustøen, Tone (2020). Changes in and predictors of pain and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 171. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106116. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Brita Fosser; Rustøen, Tone & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2020). Nurse's Evaluation of a Pain Management Algorithm in Intensive Care Units. Pain Management Nursing. ISSN 1524-9042. 21(6), p. 543–548. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.05.006. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Many patients have memories of pain during intensive care unit stay. To improve pain management, practice guidelines recommend that pain management should be guided by routine pain assessment and suggest an assessment-driven, protocol-based, stepwise approach. This recommendation prompted the development of a pain-management algorithm. Aim: Evaluate the feasibility and clinical utility of this algorithm. Design: A descriptive survey. Settings: One medical/surgical intensive care unit, one surgical intensive care unit, and one postanesthesia care unit at two hospitals in Norway. Participants/Subjects: Nurses working at the three units. Methods: A pain-management algorithm, including three pain assessment tools and a guide to pain assessment and pain management, was developed and implemented in three intensive care units. Nurses working at the three units (n = 129) responded to a questionnaire regarding the feasibility and clinical utility of the algorithm used. Results: Our results suggested that nurses considered the new pain-management algorithm to have relatively high feasibility, but somewhat lower clinical utility. Less than half of respondents thought that pain treatment in clinical practice had become more targeted using the tree pain-assessment tools (45%) and the algorithm for pain assessment and pain management (24%). Conclusions: Pain-management algorithms may be appropriate and useful in clinical practice. However, to increase clinical utility and to achieve more targeted pain treatment, more focus on pain-treatment actions and reassessment of patients’ pain is needed. Further focus in clinical practice on how to implement an algorithm and more focus on pain-treatment action and reassessment of patients’ pain is needed.

• Holm, Are Martin; Andreassen, Siw Lillevik; Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Kongerud, Johny; Almås, Øystein & Auråen, Henrik [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Hypogammaglobulinemia and risk of exacerbation and mortality in patients with COPD. The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ISSN 1176-9106. 15, p. 799–807. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S236656. Full text in Research Archive
• Røhrl, Kari; Guren, Marianne; Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Småstuen, Milada C & Rustøen, Tone (2019). High symptom burden is associated with impaired quality of life in colorectal cancer patients during chemotherapy:A prospective longitudinal study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. ISSN 1462-3889. 44. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.101679.
• Gjeilo, Kari Hanne; Oksholm, Trine; Follestad, Turid; Wahba, Alexander & Rustøen, Tone (2019). Trajectories of Pain in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Surgery: A Longitudinal Prospective Study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.11.004. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjøro, Benedikte; Mykkeltveit, Ida Helene; Rustøen, Tone; Altinbas, Bahar Candas; Røise, Olav & Bentsen, Signe Berit (2019). Intraoperative peripheral nerve injury related to lithotomy positioning with steep Trendelenburg in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery - A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. 76(2), p. 490–503. doi: 10.1111/jan.14271.
• Valsø, Åse; Rustøen, Tone; Skogstad, Laila; Bredal, Inger Schou; Ekeberg, Øivind & Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Post-traumatic stress symptoms and sense of coherence in proximity to intensive care unit discharge. Nursing in Critical Care. ISSN 1362-1017. 25(2), p. 117–125. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12466.
• Sørensen, Erik Elgaard; Kusk, Kathrine Hoffmann; Athlin, Asa Muntlin; Lode, Kirsten; Rustøen, Tone & Salmela, Susanne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). The role of PhD-prepared, hospital-based nurses: an inter-Nordic study. Journal of Research in Nursing. ISSN 1744-9871. 24(7), p. 470–485. doi: 10.1177/1744987119877213.
• Hugøy, Therese; Lerdal, Anners; Rustøen, Tone & Oksholm, Trine (2019). Predicting postoperative fatigue in surgically treated lung cancer patients in Norway: a longitudinal 5-month followup study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 9(9), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028192. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekstedt, Mirjam & Rustøen, Tone (2019). Factors That Hinder and Facilitate Cancer Patients' Knowledge About Pain Management - A Qualitative Study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. 57, p. 753–760. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.12.334.
• Røhrl, Kari; Guren, Marianne; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Rustøen, Tone (2019). Symptoms during chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer. ISSN 0941-4355. 27(8), p. 3007–3017. doi: 10.1007/s00520-018-4598-y.
• Kyte, Kristin; Ekstedt, Mirjam; Rustøen, Tone & Oksholm, Trine (2019). Longing to get back on track: Patients' experiences and supportive care needs after lung cancer surgery. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14751.
• Smeland, Anja Hetland; Rustøen, Tone; Næss, Torgun; Nybro, Lill; Lundeberg, Stefan & Reinertsen, Hanne [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Children's views on postsurgical pain in recovery units in Norway: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 28, p. 2157–2170. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14788. Full text in Research Archive
• Reine, Elizabeth; Rustøen, Tone; Ræder, Johan & Aase, Karina (2019). Postoperative patient handovers - Variability in perceptions of quality: A qualitative focus group study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 28(3-4), p. 663–676. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14662.
• Reine, Elizabeth; Ræder, Johan; Manser, Tanja Nicole; Småstuen, Milada C & Rustøen, Tone (2019). Quality in postoperative patient handover: Different perceptions of quality between transferring and receiving nurses. Journal of Nursing Care Quality. ISSN 1057-3631. 34(1), p. E1–E7. doi: 10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000318.
• Alfheim, Hanne Birgit; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Hofsø, Kristin; Tøien, Kirsti; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Rustøen, Tone (2018). Quality of life in family caregivers of patients in the intensive care unit: A longitudinal study. Australian Critical Care. ISSN 1036-7314. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2018.09.005. Show summary

  Background Family caregivers of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience impairments in the quality of life. Previous studies report that psychological quality of life improves over time, but there has been limited longitudinal research, and measurement points have differed. Factors such as age, gender, and posttraumatic stress symptoms have been found to be associated with the quality of life, but level of hope and its associations with the quality of life have not been investigated. Objectives The objective of this study was (1) to evaluate changes in the quality of life in family caregivers during the first year after a patient's admission to the ICU and (2) to identify associations between patients' and family caregivers' background characteristics, posttraumatic stress symptoms, hope, and quality of life. Methods A longitudinal study design with five measurement points was used. Family caregivers completed study questionnaires at enrolment into the study and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the patient's admission to the ICU. The quality of life was measured with the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Results Family caregivers (N = 211) reported improved psychological quality of life during the first year after the patient's admission to the ICU, but it was still lower than the psychological quality of life reported in norm-based data. Being on sick leave, consulting healthcare professionals (e.g., general practitioner), and increased level of posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly associated with psychological quality of life, whereas hope was not. Reported physical quality of life was comparable to norm-based data. Conclusion Family caregivers of patients in the ICU reported impairments in quality of life during the first year after the patient's admission to the ICU. Being on sick leave, consulting healthcare professionals, and reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms may improve mental quality of life. Keywords CaregiversCritical careLongitudinal studiesQuality of life

• Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin; Lie, Irene; Parry, Monica; Falk, Ragnhild Sørum; Leegaard, Marit & Rustøen, Tone [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Association between self-perceived pain sensitivity and pain intensity after Cardiac surgery. Journal of Pain Research. ISSN 1178-7090. 11, p. 1425–1432. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S167524. Full text in Research Archive
• Stjernberg, Mi; Rustøen, Tone & Ræder, Johan (2018). Få pasienter opplever postoperativ kvalme etter dagkirurgi med multimodal kvalmestillende behandling. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. p. 1–21. doi: 10.4220/sykepleienf.2018.71442. Full text in Research Archive
• Rustøen, Tone; Lerdal, Anners; Gay, Caryl & Kottorp, Anders (2018). Rasch analysis of the Herth Hope Index in cancer patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 16:196, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12955-018-1025-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Vistad, Ingvild; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Rustøen, Tone & Liavaag, Astrid Helene (2018). Symptom Experience and Self-rated Physical Functioning in Patients with Ovarian Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. ISSN 1048-891X. 28(6), p. 1167–1175. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000001287.
• Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin; Parry, Monica; Lie, Irene; Falk, Ragnhild Sørum; Leegaard, Marit & Rustøen, Tone (2018). The association between hope, marital status, depression and persistent pain in men and women following cardiac surgery. BMC Women's Health. ISSN 1472-6874. 18(2). doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0501-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Langerud, Anne Kathrine; Rustøen, Tone; Brunborg, Cathrine; Kongsgaard, Ulf & Stubhaug, Audun (2018). Prevalence, Location,and Characteristics of Chronic Pain in Intensive Care Survivors. Pain Management Nursing. ISSN 1524-9042. 19(4), p. 366–376. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2017.11.005.
• Langerud, Anne Kathrine; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada C; Kongsgaard, Ulf & Stubhaug, Audun (2018). Health-related quality of life in intensive care survivors: Associations with social support, comorbidity, and pain interference. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 13:e0199656(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199656. Full text in Research Archive
• Alfheim, Hanne Birgit; Hofsø, Kristin; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Tøien, Kirsti; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Rustøen, Tone (2018). Post-traumatic stress symptoms in family caregivers of intensive care unit patients: A longitudinal study. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. ISSN 0964-3397. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2018.05.007. Show summary

  Objectives To describe the prevalence and trajectory of family caregivers’ post-traumatic stress symptoms during the first year after a patient’s admission to the intensive care unit and identify associations between family caregivers’ background characteristics, hope and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Research methodology/designs Family caregivers of intensive care unit patients (n = 211) completed questionnaires at patient admission to the intensive care unit and thereafter at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Mixed-model analyses were performed. Setting Four intensive care units in a university hospital in Norway. Main outcome measures Impact of Event Scale—Revised and Herth Hope Index. Results On admission, 54% of family caregivers reported high post-traumatic stress symptom levels, which decreased during the first six  months after patient discharge. Lower levels of hope, being younger, having more comorbidities and being on sick leave were associated with higher post-traumatic stress symptom levels. Being the parent of the patient was associated with decreased post-traumatic stress symptom levels. Conclusions Family caregivers of intensive care unit patients report high levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Higher levels of hope were associated with fewer post-traumatic stress symptoms. Keywords Family caregiverHopeIntensive carePost-traumatic stress symptoms

• Smeland, Anja Hetland; Twycross, Alison; Lundeberg, Stefan & Rustøen, Tone (2018). Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice in pediatric postoperative pain management. Pain Management Nursing. ISSN 1524-9042. p. 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.04.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Bentsen, Signe Berit; Miaskowski, Christine; Cooper, Bruce A.; Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Henriksen, Anne Hildur & Holm, Are Martin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Distinct pain profiles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ISSN 1176-9106. 13, p. 801–811. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S150114. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjøro, Benedikte; Dalgard, Olav; Midgard, Håvard; Verbaan, Hans; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Rustøen, Tone (2018). Increased hope following successful treatment for hepatitis C infection. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. 74(3), p. 724–733. doi: 10.1111/jan.13487.
• Langerud, Anne Kathrine; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada C; Kongsgaard, Ulf & Stubhaug, Audun (2018). Intensive care survivor-reported symptoms: a longitudinal study of survivors' symptoms. Nursing in Critical Care. ISSN 1362-1017. 23(1), p. 48–54. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12330.
• Nordheim, Trond; Rustøen, Tone; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Småstuen, Milada C & Nakstad, Britt (2018). Hope in Parents of Very-Low Birth Weight Infants and its Association with Parenting Stress and Quality of Life. Journal of Pediatric Nursing : Nursing Care of Children and Families. ISSN 0882-5963. 38, p. e53–e58. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.10.006.
• Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone & Ekstedt, Mirjam (2018). Transfer Between Hospitals Is a Risk Situation for Patients After Lung cancer surgery. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 41(3), p. E49–E55. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000497.
• Alfheim, Hanne Birgit; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Hofsø, Kristin; Småstuen, Milada C & Rustøen, Tone (2017). Multiple symptoms in Family caregivers of intensive care unit patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. 55(2), p. 387–394. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.08.018.
• Halle, Ingrid; Westgaard, Therese Krystad; Wahba, Alexander; Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone & Gjeilo, Kari Hanne (2017). Trajectory of sleep disturbances in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery: A prospective study. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. ISSN 1569-9293. 25(2), p. 285–291. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivx076. Full text in Research Archive
• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Rustøen, Tone; Hofsø, Kristin; Gran, Jon Michael & Bjordal, Kristin (2017). Symptom burden and patient characteristics: Association with quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Head and Neck. ISSN 1043-3074. 39(10), p. 2114–2126. doi: 10.1002/hed.24875.
• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Hofsø, Kristin; Bjordal, Kristin; Guren, Marianne; Vistad, Ingvild & Cooper, Bruce [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Patient factors and quality of life outcomes differ among four subgroups of oncology patients based on symptom occurrence. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 56(3), p. 462–470. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2016.1273546.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Rustøen, Tone; Christine, Miaskowski; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Lerdal, Anners (2017). The relationship between pain with walking and self-rated health 12 months following total knee arthroplasty: a longitudinal study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1430-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin; Parry, Monica; Lie, Irene; Fagerland, Morten; Watt-Watson, Judy & Rustøen, Tone [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). The impact of an educational pain management booklet intervention on postoperative pain control after discharge from cardiac surgery. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. ISSN 1474-5151. 16(1), p. 18–27. doi: 10.1177/1474515116631680. Show summary

  Background: Relevant discharge information about the use of analgesic medication and other strategies may help patients to manage their pain more effectively and prevent postoperative persistent pain. Aims: To examine patients’ pain characteristics, analgesic intake and the impact of an educational pain management booklet intervention on postoperative pain control after cardiac surgery. Concerns about pain and pain medication prior to surgery will also be described. Methods: From March 2012 to September 2013, 416 participants (23% women) were consecutively enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received usual care plus an educational booklet at discharge with supportive telephone follow-up on postoperative day 10, and the control group received only usual care. The primary outcome was worst pain intensity (The Brief Pain Inventory – Short Form). Data about pain characteristics and analgesic use were collected at 2 weeks and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-surgery. General linear mixed models were used to determine between-group differences over time. Results: Twenty-nine percent of participants reported surgically related pain at rest and 9% reported moderate to severe pain at 12 months post-surgery. Many participants had concerns about pain and pain medication, and analgesic intake was insufficient post-discharge. No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed in terms of the outcome measures following surgery. Conclusion: Postoperative pain and inadequate analgesic use were problems for many participants regardless of group allocation, and the current intervention did not reduce worst pain intensity compared with control. Further examination of supportive follow-up monitoring and/or self-management strategies post-discharge is required.

• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Cooper, Bruce A. & Lerdal, Anners (2016). Factors that can predict pain with walking, 12 months after total knee arthroplasty: A trajectory analysis of 202 patients. Acta Orthopaedica. ISSN 1745-3674. 87(6), p. 600–606. doi: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1237440.
• Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Holm, Are Martin; Kongerud, Johny; Bentsen, Signe Berit; Paul, Steven M. & Miaskowski, Christine [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Occurrence, Characteristics, and Predictors of Pain in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pain Management Nursing. ISSN 1524-9042. 17(2), p. 107–118. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2016.01.002.
• Rustøen, Tone (2016). Håp. In Haugan, Gørill & Rannestad, Toril (Ed.), Helsefremming i Spesialisthelsetjenesten. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202482619. p. 59–72.
• Røhrl, Kari; Guren, Marianne; Miaskowski, Christine; Cooper, Bruce A.; Diep, Lien My & Rustøen, Tone (2016). No Differences in Symptom Burden Between Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Curative Versus Palliative Chemotherapy. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. 52(4), p. 539–547. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.04.008.
• Nordheim, Trond; Rustøen, Tone; Iversen, Per Ole & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Quality of life in parents of preterm infants in a randomized nutritional intervention trial. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 60. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32162.
• Olsen, Brita Fosser; Rustøen, Tone; Sandvik, Leiv; Jacobsen, Morten & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2016). Results of implementing a pain management algorithm in intensive care unit patients: The impact on pain assessment, length of stay, and duration of ventilation. Journal of critical care. ISSN 0883-9441. 36, p. 207–211. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.07.011.
• Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Rustøen, Tone; Cooper, Bruce A.; Miaskowski, Christine; Henriksen, Anne Hildur & Bentsen, Signe Berit [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Distinct symptom experiences in subgroups of patients with COPD. The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ISSN 1176-9106. 11(1), p. 1801–1809. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S105299. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindberg, Maren Kristin Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Cooper, Bruce A. & Lerdal, Anners (2016). Factors that can predict pain with walking, 12 months after total knee arthroplasty - A trajectory analysis of 202 patients. Acta Orthopaedica. ISSN 1745-3674. 87(6), p. 600–606. doi: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1237440. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and purpose — Functional limitations after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are common. In this longitudinal study, we wanted to identify subgroups of patients with distinct trajectories of pain-related interference with walking during the first year after TKA and to determine which demographic, clinical, symptom-related, and psychological characteristics were associated with being part of this subgroup. Patients and methods — Patients scheduled for primary TKA for osteoarthritis (n = 202) completed questionnaires that evaluated perception of pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and illness on the day before surgery. Clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical records. Interference of pain with walking was assessed preoperatively, on postoperative day 4, and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after TKA.

• Lindberg, Maren Kristin Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Paul, Steven M. & Lerdal, Anners (2016). Preoperative pain, symptoms, and psychological factors related to higher acute pain trajectories during hospitalization for total knee arthroplasty. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(9). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161681. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Unrelieved postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a significant problem. This longitudinal study investigated how preoperative pain intensity, as well as a comprehensive list of preoperative and perioperative factors, influenced the severity of acute average and worst pain after TKA. Methods Prior to surgery, 203 patients completed a demographic questionnaire, Lee Fatigue Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Brief Pain Inventory was completed prior to surgery as well as through postoperative days (POD) 0 to 4. Clinical data were extracted from medical records. Results Several factors were associated with higher levels of preoperative and postoperative pain. Lower preoperative average and worst pain intensity scores were associated with increases in average and worst postoperative pain from POD1 to POD4. A higher number of comorbidities, higher C-reactive protein values, and higher pain interference with function were associated with higher preoperative levels of average pain. Older age, higher fatigue levels, and higher scores on identity and emotional responses to osteoarthritis (OA) were associated with higher preoperative levels of worst pain. Lower perceived consequences of OA were associated with higher pain from POD1 to POD4. Males and patients with lower preoperative scores for average pain had higher worst pain following surgery. Discussion Patients at higher risk for more severe postoperative pain can be identified through an assessment of pain and other risk factors identified in this study. Future research needs to test the efficacy of interventions that modify patients’ perceptions of living with OA and pain intensity before surgery on short and long term postoperative outcomes.

• Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Holm, Are Martin; Cooper, Bruce; Paul, Steven M.; Miaskowski, Christine & Rustøen, Tone (2016). Differences in Symptom Burden among Patients with Moderate, Severe, or Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. 51(5), p. 849–859. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.324. Show summary

  Abstract Context The symptom experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is extremely complex. It is characterized by multiple co-occurring symptoms. However, very few studies have described this experience in COPD patients. Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate for differences in symptom occurrence rates, as well as ratings of symptom severity, frequency, and distress among patients (n = 267) with moderate, severe, and very severe COPD. Methods The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the multiple dimensions of the patient's symptom experience. Binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses with stage of disease as an ordinal predictor variable were used to evaluate for differences in symptom occurrence rates and ratings of symptom severity, frequency, and distress. Results Regardless of the severity of their disease, patients reported an average of 12 co-occurring symptoms. Shortness of breath and lack of energy were the only two symptoms that differed significantly among the three disease severity groups in terms of occurrence, severity, frequency, and distress. Patients with very severe COPD reported the highest ratings for shortness of breath and lack of energy across all four symptom dimensions. Conclusion Regardless of stage of disease, the high symptom burden identified in this study underscores the need for COPD patients to be screened for multiple co-occurring symptoms.

• Lindberg, Maren Kristin Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Paul, Steven M. & Cooper, Bruce A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). The Impact of Demographic, Clinical, Symptom and Psychological Characteristics on the Trajectories of Acute Postoperative Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.). ISSN 1526-2375. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnw080.
• Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin; Parry, Monica; Lie, Irene; Fagerland, Morten; Watt-Watson, Judy & Rustøen, Tone [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Pain experiences of men and women after cardiac surgery. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 25(19-20), p. 3058–3068. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13329.
• Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen; Miaskowski, C; Paul, Steven & Rustøen, Tone (2016). Comparison of oncology patients' and their family caregivers' attitudes and concerns toward pain and pain management. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 39(4), p. 328–334. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000319. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin; Rustøen, Tone; Lie, Irene; Watt-Watson, Judy & Leegaard, Marit (2016). Pain characteristics and analgesic intake before and following cardiac surgery. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. ISSN 1474-5151. 15(1), p. 47–54. doi: 10.1177/1474515114550441.
• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Rustøen, Tone; Miaskowski, Christine; Paul, Steven M & Bjordal, Kristin (2015). Changes in and predictors of pain characteristics in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 156(5), p. 967–979. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000142. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract: Pain is a common symptom in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) that is associated with significant decrements in physical and psychological functioning. Only 4 studies have evaluated for changes in and predictors of different pain characteristics in these patients. In this longitudinal study of patients with HNC, changes in pain intensity (ie, average pain, worst pain), pain interference with function, and pain relief were evaluated from the initiation of radiotherapy and through the following 6 months. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate for changes over time in these 4 pain characteristics, as well as to identify predictors of interindividual variability in each characteristic. Overall, pain intensity and interference with function scores were in the mild-to-moderate range, while pain relief scores were in the moderate range. The occurrence of pain, as well as scores for each pain characteristic, increased from the initiation to the completion of radiotherapy, followed by a gradual decrease to near pretreatment levels at 6 months. However, interindividual variability existed in patients' ratings of each pain characteristic. Predictors of more severe pain characteristic scores were more comorbidities, worse physical functioning, not having surgery before radiotherapy, difficulty swallowing, mouth sores, sleep disturbance, fatigue, more energy, and less social support. Patients with more depressive symptoms had better pain relief. Although some of the predictors cannot be modified (eg, occurrence of surgery), other predictors (eg, symptoms) can be treated. Therefore, information about these predictors may result in decreased pain in patients with HNC.

• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Rustøen, Tone; Miaskowski, Christine; Paul, Steven M. & Bjordal, Kristin (2015). A longitudinal study of depressive symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 38(6), p. 436–446. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000225. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Brita Fosser; Rustøen, Tone; Sandvik, Leiv; Miaskowski, Christine; Jacobsen, Morten B. & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2015). Development of a pain management algorithm for intensive care units. Heart & Lung. ISSN 0147-9563. 44(6), p. 521–527. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.09.001.
• Olsen, Brita Fosser; Rustøen, Tone; Sandvik, Leiv; Miaskowski, Christina; Jacobsen, Morten B. & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2015). Implementation of a pain management algorithm in intensive care units and evaluation of nurses' level of adherence with the algorithm. Heart & Lung. ISSN 0147-9563. 44(6), p. 528–533. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.08.001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: To implement a pain management algorithm in intensive care units (ICU) and to evaluate nurses ’ level of adherence with the algorithm. Background: Many ICU patients experience pain. Therefore, an evidence-based algorithm for pain management was developed. Methods: A pain management algorithm was implemented in three units over three weeks. Nurses ’ level of adherence with the algorithm and associations between level of adherence and patient and unit characteristics over 22 weeks were evaluated using multivariate regression analysis. Results: Nurses ’ level of adherence was 74.6%. Adherence rates were lower on the evening and night shifts compared to the day shift. Males were assessed signi fi cantly less frequently than females. Patients with “ injury, poisoning, or certain other consequences of external causes ” were assessed signi fi cantly less frequently than patients with “ diseases of the respiratory system. ” Conclusions: ICU nurses can use a pain management algorithm consistently. Findings from this study suggest that a pain management algorithm is a useful tool to increase ICU nurses’ adherence with pain assessment

• Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone; Cooper, Bruce; Paul, Steven M.; Solberg, Steinar & Henriksen, Kari [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Trajectories of symptom occurrence and severity from before through five months after lung cancer surgery. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. 49(6), p. 995–1015. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.11.297.
• Dokken, Mette; Rustøen, Tone & Stubhaug, Audun (2015). Indirect calorimetry reveals that better monitoring of nutrition therapy in pediatric intensive care is needed. JPEN - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. ISSN 0148-6071. 39(3), p. 344–352. doi: 10.1177/0148607113511990.
• Oksholm, Trine; Miaskowsky, Christine; Solberg, Steinar; Lie, Irene; Cooper, Bruce & Paul, Steven M. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Changes in symptom occurrence and severity before and after lung cancer surgery. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 38(5), p. 351–357. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000198.
• Hofsø, Kristin; Bjordal, Kristin; Diep, Lien My & Rustøen, Tone (2014). The relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics and quality of life during and after radiotherapy: in women with breast cancer. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 23(10), p. 2769–2777. doi: 10.1007/s11136-014-0736-2.
• Schjølberg, Tore Kr.; Dodd, Marylin; Henriksen, Nils Oddbjørn; Asplund, Kenneth; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Rustøen, Tone (2014). Effects of an educational intervention for managing fatigue in women with early stage breast cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. ISSN 1462-3889. 18(3), p. 286–294. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2014.01.008.
• Wengström, Yvonne; Rundström, Carina; Geerling, Jenske I.; Pappa, Theodora; Weisse, Isolde & Williams, Sian C. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). The management of breakthrough cancer pain - educational needs a European nursing survey. European Journal of Cancer Care. ISSN 0961-5423. 23(1), p. 121–128. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12118.
• Rustøen, Tone; Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen; Kolstad, Eva; Wist, Erik; Paul, Steven & Miaskowski, Christine (2014). A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy of a Self-care Intervention to Improve Cancer Pain Management. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 37(1), p. 34–43. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e3182948418.
• Wengström, Yvonne; Geerling, Jenske I. & Rustøen, Tone (2014). European Oncology Nursing Society breakthrough cancer pain guidelines. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. ISSN 1462-3889. 18(2), p. 127–131. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.11.009. Show summary

  Purpose The overall aim of the project was to update and inform nurses of current best practice based on previously published literature to enable nurses to assess and manage breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) and thereby to provide optimal management of BTCP. Methods The EONS started a project in 2010 by recruiting a working group and a multidisciplinary advisory board to develop guidelines with the purpose of helping oncology nurses understand and recognise BTCP. Results This paper presents and overview of the guideline. Key recommendations include; using an algorithm for assessment of BTCP, individualise treatment interventions, optimization of analgesia and reassessment of outcomes of interventions. Conclusions By implementing the EONS guidelines nurses will utilise the latest available knowledge in clinical practice and the understanding and management of BTCP will improve assessment and overall management of breakthrough pain in cancer patients.

• Bentsen, Signe Berit; Miaskowski, Christine & Rustøen, Tone (2014). Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 23(3), p. 991–998. doi: 10.1007/s11136-013-0515-5.
• Sunde, Synnøve; Walstad, Rolf A.; Bentsen, Signe Berit; Lunde, Solfrid Jakobsen; Wangen, Eva Marie & Rustøen, Tone [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). The development of an integrated care model for patients with severe or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): THE COPD-Home model. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. ISSN 0283-9318. 28(3), p. 469–477. doi: 10.1111/scs.12069.
• Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen; Kolstad, Eva; Småstuen, Milada C; Miakowski, Christine & Rustøen, Tone (2013). The PRO-SELF© Pain Control Program improves family caregivers’ knowledge of cancer pain management. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 36(6), p. 429–435. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e3182747bcf.
• Rustøen, Tone; Geerling, Jenske I.; Pappa, Theodora; Rundström, Carina; Weisse, Isolde & Williams, Siãn [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). How nurses assess breakthrough cancer pain, and the impact of this pain on patients' daily lives - Results of a European survey. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. ISSN 1462-3889. 17(4), p. 402–407. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2012.12.002.
• Oksholm, Trine; Miaskowski, Christine; Kongerud, Johny; Cooper, Bruce; Paul, Steven M. & Lærum, Line Pedersen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Does age influence the symptom experience of lung cancer patients prior to surgery? Lung Cancer. ISSN 0169-5002. 82(1), p. 156–161. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.06.016.
• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Hofsø, Kristin; Paul, Steven M.; Miaskowski, Christine & Rustøen, Tone (2013). Predictors of initial levels and trajectories of depressive symptoms in Women with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 36(6), p. E34–E43. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e31826fc9cc.
• Hofsø, Kristin; Rustøen, Tone; Cooper, Bruce A.; Bjordal, Kristin & Miaskowski, Christine (2013). Changes Over Time in Occurrence, Severity, and Distress of Common Symptoms During and After Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. 45(6), p. 980–1006. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.06.003.
• Utne, Inger; Miaskowski, Christine; Paul, Steven M & Rustøen, Tone (2013). Association between hope and burden reported by family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer. ISSN 0941-4355. 21(9), p. 2527–2535. doi: 10.1007/s00520-013-1824-5.
• Rustøen, Tone; Geerling, Jenske I.; Pappa, Theodora; Rundström, Carina; Weisse, Isolde & Williams, Sian [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). A European survey of oncology nurse breakthrough cancer pain practices. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. ISSN 1462-3889. 17(1), p. 95–100. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2012.05.005.
• Lindberg, Maren-Kristin Falch; Grov, Ellen Karine; Gay, Caryl; Rustøen, Tone; Granheim, Tove Irene & Amlie, Einar Johan Braém [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Pain characteristics and self-rated health after elective orthopaedic surgery – a cross-sectional survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 22(9-10), p. 1242–1253. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12149. Show summary

  Aims and objectives. To describe the postoperative pain and to examine the relationship between pain intensity, pain interference and self-rated health after elective orthopaedic surgery. Background. Pain is a problem for many surgical inpatients and can lead to postoperative complications. Limited knowledge exists about the relationship between postoperative pain, function and self-rated health. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Methods. Pain characteristics, self-rated health, sociodemographic status and comorbidity were measured in 123 elective orthopaedic inpatients recruited consecutively from a hospital in eastern Norway in 2012. On the day they were discharged from the surgical unit, patients completed items about pain intensity and pain interference from the Brief Pain Inventory and about self-rated health from the Medical Outcome Short Form-36 Health Survey. Clinical data were retrieved from the medical records. Patients were divided into three diagnostic groups: shoulder surgery, hip or knee replacement and other surgery. Results. Mean age was 60 years (SD 17.2) and 50 percent were females. Average pain intensity was 4.2 (SD 2.2) on a 0–10 numeric rating scale and 60 percent reported moderate/severe pain during the entire hospital stay. Shoulder surgery patients reported significantly higher pain intensity compared to other surgical groups. Pain interfered mostly with daily activity and sleep. Higher pain intensity was significantly associated with poorer self-rated health. The linear regression analysis showed that average pain intensity was related to poorer self-rated health, controlling for sociodemographic variables and pain interference with function. Conclusion. High pain intensity is related to poorer self-rated health. Postoperative pain is undermanaged, affects functional areas and could delay rehabilitation. Relevance to clinical practice. Postoperative pain management should be given high priority after elective orthopaedic surgery, in order to improve self-rated health and function. Pain treatment for shoulder surgery patients may require more attention than it currently receives.

• Østhus, Tone Brit Hortemo; Lippe, Nanna von Der; Ribu, Lis; Rustøen, Tone; Leivestad, Torbjørn & Dammen, Toril [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Health-related quality of life and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes on dialysis. BMC Nephrology. ISSN 1471-2369. 13(78). doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-13-78. Full text in Research Archive
• Rustøen, Tone; Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen; Kolstad, Eva; Wist, Erik; Paul, Steven & Miaskowski, C (2012). The PRO-SELF© Pain Control Program improves patients’ knowledge of cancer pain management. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. 44(3), p. 321–330. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.09.015.
• Bjørknes, Gerd & Rustøen, Tone (2012). Smertevurdering av sederte pasienter på respirator :. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. p. 32–39. doi: 10.4220/sykepleienf.2012.0022.
• Rognstad, May Karin; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Johannessen, Tone E.Brenne; Kvarstein, Gunnvald; Skauge, Marta & Undall, Eva [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Attitudes, beliefs and self-reported competence about postoperative pain among physicians and nurses working on surgical wards. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. ISSN 0283-9318. 26(3), p. 545–552. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00964.x.
• Bentsen, Signe Berit; Rustøen, Tone & Miaskowski, Christine (2012). Differences in subjective and objective respiratory parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without pain. The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ISSN 1176-9106. 7, p. 137–143. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S28994. Show summary

  BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the associations between respiratory parameters and pain in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences in respiratory parameters between COPD patients who did and did not have pain. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study respiratory parameters were measured by spirometry and the St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire. Patients responded to a single question that asked if they were generally bothered by pain. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients, 45% reported that they were generally bothered by pain. Patients who had pain reported a higher number of comorbidities (P < 0.001) and higher breathlessness scores (P = 0.003). Physical dimensions of breathlessness were significantly associated with pain (P ≤ 0.03). The results of logistic regression analysis determined that a higher number of comorbidities (OR = 0.28; P = 0.026) and higher breathlessness scores (OR = 1.03; P = 0.003) made significant unique contributions to the prediction of pain group membership. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity and breathlessness were risk factors for pain and the physical dimensions of breathlessness were associated with pain.

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• Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (2021). Klinisk forskning innen helsefag. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245022926. 256 p.

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• Hofsø, Kristin; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Rustøen, Tone (2023). Symptoms, post-traumatic stress and quality of life in family caregivers of ICU patients .
• Gustad, Lise Tuset; Rustøen, Tone & Debesay, Jonas (2023). Sykepleiere som underviser og forsker, har ikke forlatt yrket. Sykepleien.no.
• Flim, Marleen; Rustøen, Tone; Blackwood, Bronagh & Spronk, Peter (2022). Thirst in adult patients in the intensive care unit: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 12(11). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063006.
• Austenå, Mona; Rustøen, Tone; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Valsø, Åse; Sunde, Kjetil & Tøien, Kirsti (2022). Return to work first year after intensiv care treatment.
• Austenå, Mona; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Rustøen, Tone; Valsø, Åse; Sunde, Kjetil & Tøien, Kirsti (2022). Level of hope and associated factors during first year after intensive care treatment.
• Gjevjon, Edith Roth & Rustøen, Tone (2022). Uten debatt - ingen fagutvikling. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511.
• Gjeilo, Kari Hanne; Oksholm, Trine; Follestad, Turid; Wahba, Alexander & Rustøen, Tone (2021). Trajectories of pain in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery: a longitudinal study.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Cooper, Bruce A; Aamodt, Arild & Lerdal, Anners (2021). Chronic pain profiles and associated risk factors following total knee arthroplasty - a prospective observational study.
• Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (2021). Finansiering av forskning. In Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (Ed.), Klinisk forskning innen helsefag. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245022926. p. 239–247.
• Lerdal, Anners & Rustøen, Tone (2021). Hvordan skrive en god forskningssøknad. In Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (Ed.), Klinisk forskning innen helsefag. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245022926. p. 225–238.
• Lerdal, Anners & Rustøen, Tone (2021). Hvordan bygge formell kompetanse og skrive en CV. In Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (Ed.), Klinisk forskning innen helsefag. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245022926. p. 153–159.
• Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (2021). Noen forskningsdesign ved evaluering av intervensjoner eller kliniske tiltak. In Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (Ed.), Klinisk forskning innen helsefag. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245022926. p. 106–123.
• Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (2021). Hvordan bygge opp gode forskningsgrupper og sterke miljøer for forskning. In Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (Ed.), Klinisk forskning innen helsefag. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245022926. p. 71–84.
• Lerdal, Anners & Rustøen, Tone (2021). Formidling av forskning. In Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (Ed.), Klinisk forskning innen helsefag. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245022926. p. 52–70.
• Cappelen, Kathrine & Rustøen, Tone (2021). Forskning i kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenester og spesialisthelsetjenesten. In Rustøen, Tone & Lerdal, Anners (Ed.), Klinisk forskning innen helsefag. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245022926. p. 21–36.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Rustøen, Tone; Cooper, Bruce A; Aamodt, Arild & Lerdal, Anners Vetle (2021). Authors’ reply to the comment by Riddle et al. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1756.
• Gjeilo, Kari Hanne; Oksholm, Trine; Follestad, Turid; Wahba, Alexander & Rustøen, Tone (2020). Authors' Response to Estimation of Chronic Post-Surgical Pain After Thoracic Surgery: Case Closed? Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. ISSN 0885-3924. 59(5), p. e4–e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.01.016.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Rognsvåg, Turid; Badawy, Mona; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Furnes, Ove & Gay, Caryl [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2019). Optimal behandling av artrosepasienter - en feasibilitystudie (MultiKnee trial).
• Rognsvåg, Turid; Lindberg, Maren Falch; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Furnes, Ove; Gay, Caryl & Holm, Inger [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2018). Multi-Knee Trial. En feasibilty-studie av en intervensjon for artrosepasienter med økt risiko for langvarige smerter etter operasjon med kneprotese.
• Skarsvaag, Torhild; Wahba, Alexander; Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone & Gjeilo, Kari Hanne (2018). Helserelatert livskvalitet ett år etter lungekreftoperasjon - en sammenligning med preoperativ status.
• Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Rustøen, Tone (2018). The prevalence of recurrent pain in childhood is high and increases with age. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 18(3), p. 341–342. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0099.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Lerdal, Anners (2018). Preoperative prediktorer for smerteforløp og livskvalitet etter kneproteseoperasjon.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Lerdal, Anners (2018). Smerter ved gange og selvrapportert helse etter innsatt kneprotese.
• Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Holm, Are Martin; Kongerud, Johny; Bentsen, Signe Berit; Paul, Steven M & Miaskowski, Christine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Smerter hos pasienter med kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (KOLS).
• Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Holm, Are Martin; Miaskowski, Christine & Rustøen, Tone (2017). Symptomer hos pasienter med kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (KOLS).
• Kyte, Kristin; Rustøen, Tone; Ekstedt, Mirijam & Oksholm, Trine (2017). Social support after Lung Cancer Surgery.
• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen & Rustøen, Tone (2017). Symptomprofiler hos pasienter med kreft. Best Practice Onkologi/Hematologi. 7(31), p. 36–38.
• Smeland, Anja Hetland; Twycross, Alison; Lundeberg, Stefan; Reinertsen, Hanne; Nybro, Lill & Næss, Torgun [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Pediatric Postoperative Pain Management. Children`s views about pain after surgery: A qualitative study.
• Smeland, Anja Hetland; Twycross, Alison; Lundeberg, Stefan; Reinertsen, Hanne; Nybro, Lill & Næss, Torgun [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Pediatric Postoperative Pain Management. Nurses`knowledge, Attitudes and Clinical Practice in Recovery Units.
• Smeland, Anja Hetland; Twycross, Alison; Lundeberg, Stefan; Reinertsen, Hanne; Nybro, Lill & Næss, Torgun [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Pediatric Postoperative Pain Management. Development of tailored Educational Intervention to Improve Practice.
• Alfheim, Hanne Birgit; Hofsø, Kristin; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Rustøen, Tone (2017). Multiple symptoms in family caregivers of intensive care patients.
• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Rustøen, Tone & Bjordal, Kristin (2016). Depressive symptoms and pain in patients with head and neck cancer who undergo radiotherapy.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Lerdal, Anners (2016). Prediktorer for nedsatt gangfunksjon ett år etter innsatt kneprotese – en subgruppeanalyse.
• Alfheim, Hanne Birgit; Hofsø, Kristin; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Rustøen, Tone (2016). Symptombelastning hos pårørende til intensivpasienter.
• Alfheim, Hanne Birgit; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Rustøen, Tone (2016). Symptombelastning hos pårørende til intensivpasienter.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Lerdal, Anners (2016). Smertepåvirkning av gangfunksjon gjennom det første året etter innsatt total kneprotese.
• Rustøen, Tone (2016). Smerte og smertehåndtering i akutte situasjoner - utfordringer og nye tilnærminger.
• Rustøen, Tone (2016). Smerter hos ulike pasientgrupper.
• Rustøen, Tone (2016). Sykepleieforskning i Helse Sør-Øst.
• Rustøen, Tone (2016). Low back pain among nurses: Common cause of lost days at work and contributing to the worldwide shortage of nurses. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 11, p. 135–135.
• Oksholm, Trine & Rustøen, Tone (2016). Social Support and Number of Symptoms One Month after Lung Cancer Surgery.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Kornilov, Nikolai; Saraev, Alexander; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Rustøen, Tone & Miaskowski, Christine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Pain trajectories and patient satisfaction after TKA: results of a two-center Russian-Norwegian study.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Cooper, Bruce A. & Lerdal, Anners (2016). Trajectories of pain with walking after total knee arthroplasty in two subgroups of patients.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Paul, Steven M. & Cooper, Bruce A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Trajectories of pain, interference With function and quality of life after total knee arthroplasty.
• Olsen, Brita Fosser; Rustøen, Tone; Jacobsen, Morten B. & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2016). Sykepleiernes bruk av en algoritme for smertebehandling hos intensivpasienter.
• Oksholm, Trine & Rustøen, Tone (2015). Symptomer hos lungekreftpasient før og etter operasjon. Best Practice Norge. Onkologi/hemtologi. p. 16–17.
• Bjørnnes, Ann Kristin; Lie, Irene; Rustøen, Tone; Stubbhaug, Audun & Leegaard, Marit (2015). A randomized cntrollend trial of the effectiveness of an educational intervention to enhance patients`pain management after Cardiac surgery.
• Røhrl, Kari; Guren, Marianne & Rustøen, Tone (2015). Symptom burden in colorectal cancer patient at start of chemotherapy.
• Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone & Ekstedt, Mirjam (2015). Changes in symptom occurrence rates from before through 12 months following lung cancer surgery.
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Smerte og andre symptomer - når helheten blir mer en delene.
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Forskning blant sykepleiere - hva får oss opp om morgenen?
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Oppbygging av robuste forskningsmiljøer.
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Sykepleieforskning - et sykehusperspektiv.
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Hvordan starte og drive forskning blant sykepleiere - og hvordan kan klinikken bruke kompetansen i hverdagen?
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Pasienten med smerte og sykepleieren - hvor viktig er relasjonen?
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Hva har skjedd etter PhD? Har det skjedd endring i pasientbehandlingen?
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Nursing and chronic pain.
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Pårørende = pasient-rapporterte mål?
• Rustøen, Tone (2015). Sykepleieforskning ved OUS.
• Olsen, Brita Fosser; Rustøen, Tone; Sandvik, Leiv; Miaskowski, Christine; Jacobsen, Morten & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2015). Nurses’ adherence with using a pain assessment algorithm in intensive care unit patients.
• Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen & Rustøen, Tone (2015). Comparison of Oncology Patients' and Their Family Caregivers' Attitudes and Concerns Toward Pain and Pain Management.
• Lindberg, Maren Kristin Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Cooper, Bruce A. & Lerdal, Anners (2015). Pain trajectories after total knee replacement.
• Lindberg, Maren Kristin Falch; Miaskowski, Christine; Rustøen, Tone; Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Paul, Steven M & Cooper, Bruce A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Trajectories of pain, interference with function and quality of life after total knee arthroplasty.
• Westgård, Therese; Halle, Ingrid; Gjeilo, Kari Hanne; Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone & Wahba, Alexander (2015). Søvn og søvnforstyrrelser hos lungekreftpasienter før og etter kirurgi. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger. ISSN 0801-5902.
• Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Holm, Are Martin; Miaskowski, Christine; Aouizerat, Bradley E & Rustøen, Tone (2014). Characteristics and predictors of pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone; Miaskowski, Christine; Paul, Steven; Solberg, Steinar & Cooper, Bruce A. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Changes in symptoms from before to five months after lung cancer surgery.
• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Rustøen, Tone; Bjordal, Kristin; Miaskowski, Christine & Paul, Steven M. (2014). Depressive symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer who undergo radiotherapy.
• Astrup, Guro Lindviksmoen; Rustøen, Tone; Bjordal, Kristin; Miaskowski, Christine & Paul, Steven M. (2014). Pain occurrence, intensity, interference with function, and relief in patients with head and neck cancer who undergo radiotherapy .
• Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone; Kongerud, Johny & Ekstedt, Mirjam (2014). Postsurgical transfer between hospitals is a risk situation for lung cancer patients.
• Rustøen, Tone (2014). Kritisk vurdering av vitenskapelige arbeid.
• Nordheim, Trond; Rustøen, Tone & Nakstad, Britt (2014). Quality of Life for Parents of Very-Low Birth Weight Infants Enrolled in a Clinical Study.
• Olsen, Brita Fosser; Rustøen, Tone; Jacobsen, Morten & Taraldsen Valeberg, Berit (2014). En algoritme for å kartlegge og behandle smerte hos intensivpasienter.
• Rustøen, Tone & Utne, Inger (2014). Hope and Quality of life. In Michalos, Alex C. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer. ISSN 978-94-007-0752-8. p. 2923–2925.
• Rustøen, Tone & Utne, Inger (2014). Herth Hope Index. In Michalos, Alex C. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer. ISSN 978-94-007-0752-8. p. 2853–2856.
• Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Holm, Are Martin & Rustøen, Tone (2013). Pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone; Miaskowski, Christine; Paul, Steven; Cataldo, Janine & Kongerud, Johny (2013). Reliability of and correlates with a measure of lung cancer stigma in Norwegian patients who underwent lung cancer surgery .
• Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone; Cooper, Bruce; Miaskowski, Christine & Kongerud, Johny (2013). Changes in symptom occurrence rating before and following lung cancer surgery.
• Dokken, Mette; Rustøen, Tone & Stubhaug, Audun (2013). Indirect calorimetry reveals that better monitoring of nutrition therapy in pediatric intensive care is needed.
• Rustøen, Tone (2013). Gjennombruddssmerter - hvilke kunnskaper har sykepleiere om disse smertene og forslag til retningslinjer.
• Rustøen, Tone (2013). Gjennombruddssmerter - hvilke kunnskaper har sykepleiere om disse smertene og forslag til retningslinjer.
• Rustøen, Tone (2013). Håp hos kreftpasienter og gjennombruddssmerter.
• Rustøen, Tone (2013). Barriers i cancer patients and their caregivers.
• Lindberg, Maren-Kristin Falch; Grov, Ellen Karine; Gay, Caryl; Rustøen, Tone; Granheim, Tove Irene & Amlie, Einar Johan Braém [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Pain characteristics and self-rated health in elective orthopedic surgery patients.
• Lindberg, Maren-Kristin Falch; Grov, Ellen Karine; Rustøen, Tone; Gay, Caryl; Granheim, Tove Irene & Amlie, Einar Johan Braém [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Smerter og deres påvirkning på funksjon etter elektiv ortopedisk kirurgi, konsekvenser for sykepleiepraksis.
• Leegaard, Marit; Husby, Ylva; Berge, Aslaug Wiig & Rustøen, Tone (2012). Hvilke kunnskaper trenger sykepleiere for å hjelpe pasienter til å håndtere smerter etter hjertekirurgi? Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Pasienter rapporterer smerte som det hyppigst forekommende symptomet etter hjertekirurgi. Studier viser at sykepleiere mangler kunnskaper om smerte og smertelindring. Hensikt: Å kartlegge hvilke kunnskaper sykepleiere selv mener de trenger for å hjelpe pasienter til å håndtere smerter etter gjennomgått hjertekirurgi og hvilke oppfatninger sykepleiere har om smerter og smertelindring generelt. Metode: Fokusgruppeintervjuer og spørreskjema ble brukt for å samle inn data fra 21 sykepleiere ved en hjertekirurgisk post i Oslo. Tematisk innholdsanalyse av transkribert tekst fra fokusgruppene, supplert med data fra spørreskjema, identifiserte hvilke områder sykepleiere trengte undervisning i. Resultater: Sentrale undervisningsområder var ulike utfordringer med smertelindring: pasientenes individuelle forskjeller og uenighet med kirurgene om smertebehandlingen. Alder og kultur var også utfordrende. Bruk av smertekartlegging sammen med pasientene var også et aktuelt område for undervisning. Sykepleierne hadde gode kunnskaper om vurdering av smerte og kommunikasjon med pasientene, men de trenger mer kunnskap om medikamenter og virkningsmekanismer. Konklusjon: Funnene vil bli brukt til å utvikle et skreddersydd undervisningsprogram for sykepleiere som jobber med hjertekirurgiske pasienter. Det endelige målet er å gjennomføre en randomisert pasientstudie med preoperativ informasjon, og kunne bedre praksis innen postoperativ smertelindring av hjertekirurgiske pasienter.

• Granheim, Tove Irene; Egeland, Merete Trollsås; Amlie, Einar Johan Braém; Rustøen, Tone; Kottorp, Anders & Miaskowski, Christine [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Smerter og helserelatert livskvalitet hos pasienter som får implantert total kneprotese.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Grov, Ellen Karine; Granheim, Tove Irene; Amlie, Einar Johan Braém; Rustøen, Tone & Egeland, Merete [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2012). Smerter og deres påvirkning av funksjon etter elektiv ortopedisk kirurgi – en tverrsnittsurvey. Show summary

  Bakgrunn Moderate til sterke postoperative smerter har relativt høy prevalens. Dette er et problem for pasientene som kan føre til forlenget liggetid i sykehus og postoperative komplikasjoner. Vi kjenner ikke til tidligere kartlegging av smerteprevalens etter elektiv ortopedisk kirurgi i Norge. Hensikt: Beskrive prevalens av smerte, variasjon i smerteintensitet relatert til pasientenes sosiodemografisk bakgrunn, og smertens påvirkning på funksjon. Metode Data ble samlet fortløpende ved hjelp av spørreskjema hos 123 pasienter ved utskriving fra kirurgisk klinikk ved et sykehus i Østlandsområdet. Spørreskjemaet omfattet sosiodemografisk bakgrunn, samsykdom og smerteerfaringer. Spørsmål om smerter og funksjon ble hentet fra det validerte spørreskjemaet Brief Pain Inventory. Smerteintensitet ble selvrapportert på en 11- punkts Numerisk Rating Scale (NRS). NRS ≥4 ble definert som moderate til sterke smerter/behandlingstrengende smerter. Kliniske data ble hentet fra pasientjournalene. Resultat Deltakernes alder var gjennomsnittlig 60 år, og varierte fra 20-89 år. Halvparten (62) kvinner. Gjennomsnittlig liggetid var 3,7 døgn. Pasientene gjennomgikk ulike typer skulderkirurgi (42), total hofte- og kneprotesekirurgi (62), og diverse kne- og ankelkirurgi (19). Gjennomsnittlig smerte var 4,2 (SD=2,2) og 59% (73) rapporterte NRS≥4 i gjennomsnitt i hele den postoperative fasen. Varighet av smerter ≥4 var i gjennomsnitt 6,4 timer (SD=6,9). Analysene viste ingen signifikant forskjell i smerteintensitet relatert til kjønn, alder og utdanningsnivå. Skulderpasientene rapporterte mest smerter både i hvile og i aktivitet, i gjennomsnitt 4,9 (SD=1,9). Funksjonsområdene ”daglig aktivitet” og ”søvn” var funksjonene som var mest påvirket for hele utvalget, og mest hos skulderpasientene. Konklusjon: Flertallet av pasientene rapporterer om moderate til sterke smerter etter elektiv ortopedisk kirurgi.

• Utne, Inger; Miaskowski, C; Paul, Steven M & Rustøen, T (2012). Determinants of Burden in Family Caregivers of Patients with Advanced Cancer.
• Fitch, Margaret I; Wengström, Yvonne; McAndrew, A. & Rustøen, Tone (2012). Exploration of Canadian and European nurses` perspectives on the management of breakthrough pain in people with cancer.
• Lindberg, Maren Falch; Lerdal, Anners; Rustøen, Tone & Rosseland, Leiv Arne (2017). Factors that predict the trajectories of aucte pain, pain with walking, and self-rated health after total knee arthroplasty - a longitudinal study. Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-8377-122-0.
• Oksholm, Trine; Rustøen, Tone & Kongerud, Johny (2016). Patients' symptom experiences before and after lung cancer surgery. Predictors of patients’ symptom burden. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-8333-035-9. Show summary

  I 2013 ble 601 pasienter operert for lungekreft i Norge. De fleste av disse var over 70 år. Trine Oksholm har i sitt doktorgradsarbeid undersøkt symptombelastning og livskvalitet hos pasienter med lungekreft før og etter operasjon. Dette ble kartlagt ved hjelp av spørreskjema hos 270 pasienter. Pasientene fylte først ut spørreskjema før operasjon, deretter etter en og fem måneder etter operasjonen. Avhandlingen består av tre delarbeider. I det første ble det undersøkt forskjeller i symptombelastning hos yngre og eldre pasienter før lungekreftoperasjon. Pasientene hadde i gjennomsnitt 9 symptomer før operasjon. Symptombelastningen var relativt lik for yngre og eldre pasienter. I det andre delarbeidet ble det sett på hvordan symptomene endret seg fra før operasjon til en måned etter operasjon. Gjennomsnittlig antall symptomer var da steget til 13. Hele 4 av 5 pasienter opplevde kortpustethet, å ha lite energi, smerte og søvnighet en måned etter operasjon. Det tredje delarbeidet viste at antall symptomer ble redusert fra en til 5 måneder, men det var fortsatt høyere enn før operasjon. Hele 79 % av pasientene var kortpustet 5 måneder etter operasjonen, mens 71 % hadde lite energi og 56 % hadde smerter. Studien viser at pasienter med lungekreft har mange symptomer både før og etter operasjon. Antall symptomer før operasjon samt antall tilleggs-sykdommer påvirket hvor mange symptomer pasientene hadde etter operasjon. Det viste seg videre at 5-10 % av pasientene hadde så mange alvorlige og kraftige symptomer at de trengte spesiell oppfølging. På tross av anbefaling gjennom internasjonale retningslinjer hadde kun 32 % av pasientene fått fysioterapi og kun 16 % hadde vært på rehabiliteringsopphold. Studien viser også at mens 30 % av pasientene var i arbeid før operasjon var kun 9 % i arbeid 5 måneder etter operasjonen. Konklusjonen er at helsepersonell bør informere pasientene om vanlig symptomforløp etter en lungekreftoperasjon. Det bør også utvikles tiltak for å hjelpe pasientene til symptomlindring eller eventuelt til å mestre symptomene etter lungekreftoperasjon

• Løyland, Borghild; Rustøen, Tone; Espen, Dahl & Christine, Miaskowski (2013). Chronic pain,psychological distress, and health-related quality of life among long-term social assistance recipients in Norway. Unipub forlag. ISSN 978-82-8264-195-1.

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