Stine Marie Ulven

• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Gene expression profiling in elderly patients with familial hypercholesterolemia with and without coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 392. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117507.
• Torfadóttir, Johanna E. & Ulven, Stine Marie (2024). Fish - a scoping review for nordic nutrition recommendations 2023. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10485.
• Bålsrud, Pia; Ulven, Stine Marie; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ottestad, Inger & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2024). Inflammatory markers and frailty in home-dwelling elderly, a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 24(1), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-04690-2.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlsen, Harald; Rocha, Sergio Domingos Cardoso; Rud, Ida; Solberg, Nina & Høst, Vibeke [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2024). Dietary intake of micronized avian eggshell membrane in aged mice reduces circulating inflammatory markers, increases microbiota diversity, and attenuates skeletal muscle aging. Frontiers in Nutrition. ISSN 2296-861X. 10, p. 1–19. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1336477. Full text in Research Archive
• Christensen, Jacob J.; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Rundblad, Amanda; Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Narverud, Ingunn & Blomhoff, Rune [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Dietary fat quality, plasma atherogenic lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An overview of the rationale for dietary recommendations for fat intake. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 389. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117433. Full text in Research Archive
• Das, Siddhartha; Somisetty, Venkata Satheesh; Ulven, Stine Marie & Matthews, Jason (2023). Resveratrol and 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Differentially Regulate Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity through Multiple Transcriptomic Targets in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 24(19). doi: 10.3390/ijms241914578. Full text in Research Archive
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger ; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Løland, Beate Fossum [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Dietary treatment postpartum in women with obesity reduces weight and prevents weight gain: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. ISSN 1471-2393. 23. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05976-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Johansen, Anja Katrin; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Ulven, Stine Marie [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Young women with familial hypercholesterolemia have higher LDL-cholesterol burden than men: Novel data using repeated measurements during 12-years follow-up. Atherosclerosis Plus. ISSN 2667-0909. 51, p. 28–34. doi: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.01.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Sequeira de Sousa, Ana Rita; Ottestad, Inger ; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Christensen, Jacob J. (2023). Associations between PBMC whole genome transcriptome, muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in healthy home-dwelling older women. GeroScience. ISSN 2509-2715. 45, p. 3175–3186. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00819-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Sandoval Sandoval, Viviana Paz; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ordovás, José M. & Ulven, Stine Marie (2023). Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: A mini-review. Redox Biology. ISSN 2213-2317. 63, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102730. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn K. L.; Christensen, Jacob J.; Sebert, Sylvain; Thoresen, Magne; Michelsen, Trond M. & Ulven, Stine M. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Maternal prenatal cholesterol levels predict offspring weight trajectories during childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Medicine. ISSN 1741-7015. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02742-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Numerous intrauterine factors may affect the offspring’s growth during childhood. We aimed to explore if maternal and paternal prenatal lipid, apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoA1 levels are associated with offspring weight, length, and body mass index from 6 weeks to eight years of age. This has previously been studied to a limited extent. Methods This parental negative control study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We included 713 mothers and fathers with or without self-reported hypercholesterolemia and their offspring. Seven parental metabolites were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and offspring weight and length were measured at 12 time points. Data were analyzed by linear spline mixed models, and the results are presented as the interaction between parental metabolite levels and offspring spline (age). Results Higher maternal total cholesterol (TC) level was associated with a larger increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.03 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.04). Paternal TC level was not associated with change in offspring body weight (0.17 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.25). Higher maternal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.001 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.005). Higher paternal HDL-C and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 5 years of age but a larger increase in offspring body weight from 5 to 8 years of age (0.01 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.03). Parental metabolites were not associated with change in offspring height or body mass index up to 8 years of age (0.07 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.99). Conclusions Maternal compared to paternal TC, HDL-C, and apoA1 levels were more strongly and consistently associated with offspring body weight during childhood, supporting a direct intrauterine effect.

• Henriksen, Hege Berg; Henriksen, Christine; Sequeira de Sousa, Ana Rita; Alavi, Dena Helene; Augestad, Elin Maria Sandstad & Rising, Russell [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Validity and reproducibility of a whole-room indirect calorimeter for the estimation of VO<inf>2</inf>, VCO<inf>2</inf>, and resting metabolic rate. Physiological Reports. ISSN 2051-817X. 11(7). doi: 10.14814/phy2.15658. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Christensen, Jacob J.; Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Ottestad, Inger & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Associations between dietary intake and glucose tolerance in clinical and metabolomics-based metabotypes. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 18(3). doi: 10.1186/s12263-023-00721-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Canet, Francisco; Christensen, Jacob J.; Victor, Victor M.; Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Ottestad, Inger & Rundblad, Amanda [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Glycated proteins, glycine, acetate, and monounsaturated fatty acids may act as new biomarkers to predict the progression of type 2 diabetes: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 14(23), p. 1–19. doi: 10.3390/nu14235165. Full text in Research Archive
• Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Gaundal, Line; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Rud, Ida; Byfuglien, Marte G. & Gjøvaag, Terje [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels-a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals. Lipids in Health and Disease. ISSN 1476-511X. 21, p. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12944-022-01702-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids.

• Brunvoll, Sonja Hjellegjerde; Nygaard, Anders Benteson; Ellingjord-Dale, Merete; Holland, Petter; Istre, Mette Stausland & Kalleberg, Karl Trygve [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. The BMJ. ISSN 1756-1833. 378. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071245. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective To determine if daily supplementation with cod liver oil, a low dose vitamin D supplement, in winter, prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections in adults in Norway. Design Quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. Setting Norway, 10 November 2020 to 2 June 2021. Participants 34601 adults (aged 18-75 years), not taking daily vitamin D supplements. Intervention 5 mL/day of cod liver oil (10 µg of vitamin D, n=17278) or placebo (n=17323) for up to six months. Main outcome measures Four co-primary endpoints were predefined: the first was a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result determined by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the second was serious covid-19, defined as self-reported dyspnoea, admission to hospital, or death. Other acute respiratory infections were indicated by the third and fourth co-primary endpoints: a negative SARS-CoV-2 test result and self-reported symptoms. Side effects related to the supplementation were self-reported. The fallback method was used to handle multiple comparisons. Results Supplementation with cod liver oil was not associated with a reduced risk of any of the co-primary endpoints. Participants took the supplement (cod liver oil or placebo) for a median of 164 days, and 227 (1.31%) participants in the cod liver oil group and 228 (1.32%) participants in the placebo group had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result (relative risk 1.00, multiple comparison adjusted confidence interval 0.82 to 1.22). Serious covid-19 was identified in 121 (0.70%) participants in the cod liver oil group and in 101 (0.58%) participants in the placebo group (1.20, 0.87 to 1.65). 8546 (49.46%) and 8565 (49.44%) participants in the cod liver oil and placebo groups, respectively, had ≥1 negative SARS-CoV-2 test results (1.00, 0.97 to 1.04). 3964 (22.94%) and 3834 (22.13%) participants in the cod liver oil and placebo groups, respectively, reported ≥1 acute respiratory infections (1.04, 0.97 to 1.11). Only low grade side effects were reported in the cod liver oil and placebo groups. Co nclusion Supplementation with cod liver oil in the winter did not reduce the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections compared with placebo. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04609423.

• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Thorsen, Ida; Fossum, Julie; Christensen, Jacob J. & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). What characterizes event-free elderly FH patients? A comprehensive lipoprotein profiling. NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. ISSN 0939-4753. 32(7), p. 1651–1660. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.028. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by lifelong elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of pre- mature coronary heart disease (CHD). Cholesterol-lowering therapy (statins) reduces CHD risk, but have been available only in the last 25 years, thus, elderly FH patients have been exposed to elevated LDL-C levels most of their life. Surprisingly, some of these have never experienced any CHD event, raising the question whether they present CHD resistant characteristics. Identifying possible cardioprotective biomarkers could contribute to future CHD preventive treatment, therefore, we aimed to identify metabolic markers in event-free elderly FH subjects. Methods and results: We used a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy platform to quantify a large number of metabolites in serum samples from 83 FH patients >65 years, and analyze differences between subjects with (n = 39) and without (n = 44) CHD. Mean age was 70 years in both groups (57% and 38% female in the event-free group and CHD group, respectively). The event-free group had significantly higher levels of large and extra-large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and higher concentration of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and cholesterol in HDL and HDL2 particles, compared to the CHD group (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: CHD resistant elderly FH patients have higher levels of large HDL particles. The mechanisms behind the event-free survival among these patients remain unclear; hence, a deeper understanding of the metabolic profile in event-free elderly FH subjects may lead to development of novel preventive therapies.

• Hjorth, Marit; Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Norheim, Frode Amador; Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Sæther, Thomas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Consumption of salmon fishmeal increases hepatic cholesterol content in obese C57BL/6 J mice. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. 61, p. 4027–4043. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02930-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Purpose By-products from farmed fish contain large amounts of proteins and may be used for human consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiometabolic effects and metabolic tolerance in mice consuming fishmeal from salmon by-products, salmon filet or beef. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice were fed chow, as a healthy reference group, or a high-fat diet for 10 weeks to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. Obese mice were subsequently given isocaloric diets containing 50% of the dietary protein from salmon fishmeal, salmon filet or beef for 10 weeks. Mice were subjected to metabolic phenotyping, which included measurements of body composition, energy metabolism in metabolic cages and glucose tolerance. Lipid content and markers of hepatic toxicity were determined in plasma and liver. Hepatic gene and protein expression was determined with RNA sequencing and immunoblotting. Results Mice fed fishmeal, salmon filet or beef had similar food intake, energy consumption, body weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance and circulating levels of lipids and hepatic toxicity markers, such as p-ALT and p-AST. Fishmeal increased hepatic cholesterol levels by 35–36% as compared to salmon filet (p = 0.0001) and beef (p = 0.005). This was accompanied by repressed expression of genes involved in steroid and cholesterol metabolism and reduced levels of circulating Pcsk9. Conclusion Salmon fishmeal was well tolerated, but increased hepatic cholesterol content. The high cholesterol content in fishmeal may be responsible for the effects on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Before introducing fishmeal from salmon by-products as a dietary component, it may be advantageous to reduce the cholesterol content in fishmeal. Introduction

• Gaundal, Line; Myhrstad, Mari; Rud, Ida; Gjøvaag, Terje; Byfuglien, Marte G. & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Gut microbiota is associated with dietary intake and metabolic markers in healthy individuals. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 66. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8580. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Metabolic diseases have been related to gut microbiota, and new knowledge indicates that diet impacts host metabolism through the gut microbiota. Identifying specific gut bacteria associated with both diet and metabolic risk markers may be a potential strategy for future dietary disease prevention. However, studies investigating the association between the gut microbiota, diet, and metabolic markers in healthy indi-viduals are scarce.Objective: We explored the relationship between a panel of gut bacteria, dietary intake, and metabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults.Design: Forty-nine volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study. Measures of glucose, serum tri-glyceride, total cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI) were collected after an overnight fast, in addition to fecal samples for gut microbiota analyzes using a targeted approach with a panel of 48 bacterial DNA probes and assessment of dietary intake by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Correlations between gut bacteria, dietary intake, and metabolic and anthropometric markers were assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Gut bacteria varying according to dietary intake and metabolic markers were assessed by a linear regression model and adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.Results: Of the 48 gut bacteria measured, 24 and 16 bacteria correlated significantly with dietary intake and metabolic and/or anthropometric markers, respectively. Gut bacteria including Alistipes, Lactobacillus spp., and Bacteroides stercoris differed according to the intake of the food components, fiber, sodium, saturated fatty acids, and dietary indices, and metabolic markers (BP and total cholesterol) after adjustments. Notably, Bacteroides stercoris correlated positively with the intake of fiber, grain products, and vegetables, and higher Bacteroides stercoris abundance was associated with higher adherence to Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) and lower diastolic BP after adjustment.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the relationship between the gut microbiota, diet, and metabolic mark-ers in healthy individuals. Further investigations are needed to address whether these findings are causally linked and whether targeting these gut bacteria can prevent metabolic diseases.

• Andersen, Lene Frost; Berstad, Paula; Bukhvalova, Barbara Alexandra; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Dahl, Lisbeth Jane & Goksøyr, Anders [Show all 35 contributors for this article] (2022). Benefit and risk assessment of fish in the Norwegian diet - Scientific Opinion of the Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2022(17). Full text in Research Archive
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Kirchner, Lisa; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Effects of dietary and exercise treatments on HDL subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity: A secondary analysis of an RCT. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 128, p. 2105–2114. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522000241. Full text in Research Archive
• Pigsborg, Kristina; Gürdeniz, Gözde; Rangel-Huerta, Oscar Daniel; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Dragsted, Lars Ove & Ulven, Stine Marie (2022). Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. 61, p. 2079–2989. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02796-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Gürdeniz, Gözde; Uusitupa, Matti; Hermansen, Kjeld; Savolainen, Markku J.; Schwab, Ursula & Kolehmainen, Marjukka [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2022). Analysis of the SYSDIET Healthy Nordic Diet randomized trial based on metabolic profiling reveal beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and blood lipids. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 41(2), p. 441–451. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.031. Full text in Research Archive
• Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Gaundal, Line; Høgvard, Benedicte; Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Byfuglien, Marte Gjeitung [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). A three-day intervention with granola containing cereal beta-glucan improves glycemic response and changes the gut microbiota in healthy individuals: A crossover study. Frontiers in Nutrition. ISSN 2296-861X. 9, p. 1–16. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796362. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Intake of soluble fibers including beta-glucan, is known to improve post-prandial glycemic response. The mechanisms have been attributed to the viscous gel forming in the stomach and small intestine, giving a longer absorption time. However, recent evidence suggests a link between intake of beta-glucan and improved glycemic regulation at subsequent meals through the gut microbiota. We investigated the short-term effect of granola with different amounts of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic response and gut microbiota. After a two-week run-in period (baseline), fourteen healthy, normal weight adults completed a dose-response dietary crossover study. Different amounts of cereal beta-glucan (low: 0.8 g, medium: 3.2 g and high: 6.6 g) were provided in granola and eaten with 200 ml low-fat milk as an evening meal for three consecutive days. Blood glucose and insulin were measured fasted and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the following day, in addition to peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), fasting short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, breath H2, and gut microbiota in feces. Only the intervention with medium amounts of beta-glucan decreased blood glucose and insulin during OGTT compared to baseline. Fasting PYY increased with both medium and high beta-glucan meal compared to the low beta-glucan meal. The microbiota and SCFAs changed after all three interventions compared to baseline, where acetate and butyrate increased, while propionate was unchanged. Highest positive effect size after intake of beta-glucan was found with Haemophilus, followed by Veillonella and Sutterella. Furthermore, we found several correlations between different bacterial taxa and markers of glycemic response. In summary, intake of granola containing 3.2 g cereal beta-glucan as an evening meal for three consecutive days reduced the glycemic response after an OGTT 0-180 min and changed gut microbiota composition. Since we cannot rule out that other fiber types have contributed to the effect, more studies are needed to further explore the effect of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic regulation.

• Ronkainen, Justiina; Nedelec, Rozenn; Atehortua, Angelica; Balkhiyarova, Zhanna; Cascarano, Anna & Dang, Vien Ngoc [Show all 73 contributors for this article] (2022). LongITools: Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases. Environmental Epidemiology. ISSN 2474-7882. 6(1). doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000184. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjorth, Marit; Galigniana, Natalia; Ween, Ola; Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Dalen, Knut Tomas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Postprandial Effects of Salmon Fishmeal and Whey on Metabolic Markers in Serum and Gene Expression in Liver Cells. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 14(8). doi: 10.3390/nu14081593. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fish is considered an important part of a healthy diet, in part due to the content of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. However, both lean and fatty fish have beneficial health effects, suggesting that micronutrients and proteins may play a role. In a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial, five healthy male participants consumed 5.2 g of protein from either salmon fishmeal or whey. Blood samples were taken before and 30 and 60 min after intake. The concentration of glucose, lipids, hormones and metabolites, including 28 different amino acids and derivatives, were measured in serum or plasma. Cultured HepG2 cells were incubated with or without serum from the participants, and transcriptomic profiling was performed using RNA sequencing. The ingestion of both salmon fishmeal and whey reduced the glucose and triglyceride levels in serum. Protein intake, independent of the source, increased the concentration of 22 amino acids and derivatives in serum. Fishmeal increased the concentration of arginine, methionine, serine, glycine, cystathionine and 2-aminobutyric acid more than whey did. Incubation with postprandial serum resulted in large transcriptomic alterations in serum-fasted HepG2 cells, with the differential expression of >4500 protein coding genes. However, when comparing cells cultivated in fasting serum to postprandial serum after the ingestion of fishmeal and whey, we did not detect any differentially regulated genes, neither with respect to the protein source nor with respect to the time after the meal. The comparable nutrigenomic effects of fishmeal and whey do not change the relevance of fish by-products as an alternative food source.

• Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Ottestad, Inger ; Olsen, Thomas; Sæther, Thomas; Ulven, Stine Marie & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2022). Salmon fish protein supplement increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. 61(6), p. 3085–3093. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02857-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Ottestad, Inger Olaug; Hjorth, Marit; Dalen, Knut Tomas; Sæther, Thomas & Sheikh, Navida Akhter [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). No effect of salmon fish protein on 2-h glucose in adults with increased risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 126(9), p. 1304–1313. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521000040. Full text in Research Archive
• Larsen, Sunniva Veen; Holven, Kirsten B.; Christensen, Jacob J.; Flatberg, Arnar; Rundblad, Amanda & Leder, Lena [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Replacing Saturated Fat with Polyunsaturated Fat Modulates Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and Pathways Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Using a Whole Transcriptome Approach. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 65(24). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202100633. Full text in Research Archive
• Milić, Mirta; Ceppi, Marcello; Bruzzone, Marco ; Azqueta, Amaya; Brunborg, Gunnar & Godschalk, Roger [Show all 90 contributors for this article] (2021). The hCOMET project: International database comparison of results with the comet assay in human biomonitoring. Baseline frequency of DNA damage and effect of main confounders. Mutation research. Reviews in mutation research. ISSN 1383-5742. 787. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108371. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The alkaline comet assay, or single cell gel electrophoresis, is one of the most popular methods for assessing DNA damage in human population. One of the open issues concerning this assay is the identification of those factors that can explain the large inter-individual and inter-laboratory variation. International collaborative initiatives such as the hCOMET project - a COST Action launched in 2016 - represent a valuable tool to meet this challenge. The aims of hCOMET were to establish reference values for the level of DNA damage in humans, to investigate the effect of host factors, lifestyle and exposure to genotoxic agents, and to compare different sources of assay variability. A database of 19,320 subjects was generated, pooling data from 105 studies run by 44 laboratories in 26 countries between 1999 and 2019. A mixed random effect log-linear model, in parallel with a classic meta-analysis, was applied to take into account the extensive heterogeneity of data, due to descriptor, specimen and protocol variability. As a result of this analysis interquartile intervals of DNA strand breaks (which includes alkali-labile sites) were reported for tail intensity, tail length, and tail moment (comet assay descriptors). A small variation by age was reported in some datasets, suggesting higher DNA damage in oldest age-classes, while no effect could be shown for sex or smoking habit, although the lack of data on heavy smokers has still to be considered. Finally, highly significant differences in DNA damage were found for most exposures investigated in specific studies. In conclusion, these data, which confirm that DNA damage measured by the comet assay is an excellent biomarker of exposure in several conditions, may contribute to improving the quality of study design and to the standardization of results of the comet assay in human populations.

• Nordengen, Anne Lene; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Ulven, Stine Marie; Raastad, Truls; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ottestad, Inger Olaug (2021). Comparison of methods to identify individuals with obesity at increased risk of functional impairment among a population of home-dwelling older adults. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521004128. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Obesity is associated with increased muscle mass and muscle strength. Methods taking into account the total body mass to reveal obese older individuals at increased risk of functional impairment are needed. Therefore, we aimed to detect methods to identify obese older adults at increased risk of functional impairment. Home-dwelling older adults (n 417, ≥ 70 years of age) were included in this cross-sectional study. Sex-specific cut-off points for two obesity phenotypes (waist circumference (WC) and body fat mass (FM %)) were used to divide women and men into obese and non-obese groups, and within-sex comparisons were performed. Obese women and men, classified by both phenotypes, had similar absolute handgrip strength (HGS) but lower relative HGS (HGS/total body mass) (P < 0·001) than non-obese women and men, respectively. Women with increased WC and FM %, and men with increased WC had higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass (P < 0·001), lower muscle quality (HGS/upper appendicular muscle mass) (P < 0·001), and spent longer time on the stair climb test and the repeated sit-to-stand test (P < 0·05) than non-obese women and men, respectively. Absolute muscle strength was not able to discriminate between obese and non-obese older adults. However, relative muscle strength in particular, but also muscle quality and physical performance tests, where the total body mass was taken into account or served as an extra load, identified obese older adults at increased risk of functional impairment. Prospective studies are needed to determine clinically relevant cut-off points for relative HGS in particular.

• Christensen, Jacob J.; Narverud, Ingunn; Ruuth, Maija; Heier, Martin; Jauhiainen, Matti & Ulven, Stine Marie [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Children with familial hypercholesterolemia display changes in LDL and HDL function: A cross-sectional study . Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 290(5), p. 1083–1097. doi: 10.1111/joim.13383.
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine Marie; Brantsæter, Anne Lise & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Novel associations between parental and newborn cord blood metabolic profiles in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Medicine. ISSN 1741-7015. 19. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-01959-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background:More than one third of Norwegian women and men between 20 and 40 years of age have elevated cholesterol concentration. Parental metabolic health around conception or during pregnancy may affect the offspring’s cardiovascular disease risk. Lipids are important for fetal development, but the determinants of cord blood lipids have scarcely been studied. We therefore aimed to describe the associations between maternal andpaternal peri-pregnancy lipid and metabolic profile and newborn cord blood lipid and metabolic profile. Methods:This study is based on 710 mother–father–newborn trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and ChildCohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The sample included in thisstudy consisted of parents with and without self-reported hypercholesterolemia the last 6 months before pregnancy and their partners and newborns. Sixty-four cord blood metabolites detected by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were analyzed by linear mixed model analyses. The false discovery rate procedure wasused to correct for multiple testing. Results:Among mothers with hypercholesterolemia, maternal and newborn plasma high-density lipoproteincholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alanine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, valine,creatinine, and particle concentration of medium high-density lipoprotein were significantly positively associated(0.001≤q≤0.09). Among mothers without hypercholesterolemia, maternal and newborn linoleic acid, valine,tyrosine, citrate, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein size, and particle concentration of small high-density lipoproteinwere significantly positively associated (0.02≤q≤0.08). Among fathers with hypercholesterolemia, paternal andnewborn ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 were significantly positively associated (q= 0.04). Amongfathers without hypercholesterolemia, no significant associations were found between paternal and newbornmetabolites. Sex differences were found for many cord blood lipids. Conclusions:Maternal and paternal metabolites and newborn sex were associated with several cord bloodmetabolites. This may potentially affect the offspring’s long-term cardiovascular disease risk.Keywords:MoBa, the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study, MBRN, Medical Birth Registry of Norway,Cholesterol, Metabolic profiling, Cord blood, Sex differences

• Rodriguez-Borjabad, Celia; Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine Marie; Malo, Ana Irene & Ibarretxe, Daiana [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Dietary intake and lipid levels in Norwegian and Spanish children with familial hypercholesterolemia. NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. ISSN 0939-4753. 31(4), p. 1299–1307. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.002.
• Nelson, Josefine; Ulven, Stine Marie; Gjertsson, Inger; Sjöblom, Helen; Lindqvist, Helen M. & Bärebring, Linnea (2020). Do interventions with diet or dietary supplements reduce the disease activity score in rheumatoid arthritis? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 12:2991(10), p. 1–23. doi: 10.3390/nu12102991. Full text in Research Archive
• Henjum, Sigrun; Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Holvik, Kristin; Lillegaard, Inger Therese Laugsand; Mangschou, Bente & Parr, Christine Louise [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). Benefit and risk assessment of iodization of household salt and salt used in bread and bakery products. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2020(5), p. 1–312. Full text in Research Archive
• Hustad, Solheim Kristin; Rundblad, Amanda; Ottestad, Inger; Christensen, Jacob J.; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2020). Comprehensive lipid and metabolite profiling in healthy adults with low and high consumption of fatty fish: A cross-sectional study. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520002305. Full text in Research Archive
• Christensen, Jacob Juel; Ulven, Stine Marie; Thoresen, Magne; Westerman, Kenneth; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Andersen, Lene Frost (2020). Associations between dietary patterns and gene expression pattern in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: A cross-sectional study. NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. ISSN 0939-4753. 30(11), p. 2111–2122. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.018. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims Diet may alter gene expression in immune cells involved in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease susceptibility. However, we still lack a robust understanding of the association between diet and immune cell-related gene expression in humans. Therefore, we examined associations between dietary patterns (DPs) and gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a population of healthy, Norwegian adults (n = 130 women and 105 men). Methods and results We used factor analysis to define a posteriori DPs from food frequency questionnaire-based dietary assessment data. In addition, we derived interpretable features from microarray-based gene expression data (13 967 transcripts) using two algorithms: CIBERSORT for estimation of cell subtype proportions, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for cluster discovery. Finally, we associated DPs with either CIBERSORT-predicted PBMC leukocyte distribution or WGCNA gene clusters using linear regression models. We detected three DPs that broadly reflected Western, Vegetarian, and Low carbohydrate diets. CIBERSORT-predicted percentage of monocytes associated negatively with the Vegetarian DP. For women, the Vegetarian DP associated with a large gene cluster consisting of 600 genes mainly involved in regulation of DNA transcription, whereas for men, the Western DP inversely associated with a smaller cluster of 36 genes mainly involved in regulation of metabolic and inflammatory processes. A subsequent protein–protein interaction network analysis suggested that genes within these clusters might physically interact in biological networks. Conclusions Although the present findings are exploratory, our analysis pipeline serves as a useful framework for studying the association between diet and gene expression.

• Christensen, Jacob J.; Narverud, Ingunn; Ruuth, Maija; Heier, Martin; Ulven, Stine Marie & Bogsrud, Martin Prøven [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Children with familial hypercholesterolemia display changes in LDL and HDL function: a cross-sectional study. medRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.11.11.20214247. Show summary

  Background The functional status of lipoprotein particles contributes to atherogenesis. The tendency of plasma LDL particles to aggregate and the ability of HDL particles to induce and mediate reverse cholesterol transport associate with high and low risk for cardiovascular disease in adult patients, respectively. However, it is unknown whether children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) display lipoprotein function alterations. Hypothesis We hypothesized that FH children had disrupted lipoprotein function. Methods We analyzed LDL aggregation susceptibility and HDL-apoA-I exchange to apoA-I ratio (HAE/apoA-I ratio), and activity of four proteins that regulate lipoprotein metabolism (CETP, LCAT, PLTP and PON1) in plasma samples derived from children with FH (n = 47) and from healthy children (n = 56). Potential biological mechanisms behind any variation in lipoprotein functionalities were explored using an NMR-based metabolomics profiling approach. Results LDL aggregation was higher and HAE/apoA-I ratio was lower in FH children than in healthy children. LDL aggregation associated positively with LDL-C and negatively with triglycerides, and HAE/apoA-I ratio associated negatively with LDL-C. Generally, the metabolomic profile for LDL aggregation was a mirror image of that for HAE/apoA-I ratio. Conclusions FH children displayed increased atherogenicity of LDL and disrupted HDL function. These newly observed functional alterations in LDL and HDL may increase the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in FH children.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Hansson, Patrik; Ivan, Ingvild Hansen & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Intake of fermented dairy products induces a less pro-inflammatory postprandial peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression response than non-fermented dairy products: A randomized controlled cross-over trial. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 64(21), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000319. Full text in Research Archive
• Gaundal, Line; Myhrstad, Mari; Leder, Lena; Byfuglien, Marte Gjeitung; Gjøvaag, Terje & Rud, Ida [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for three days: a randomised crossover trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520003402. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Replacing intake of SFA with PUFA reduces serum cholesterol levels and CVD risk. The effect on glycaemic regulation is, however, less clear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of replacing dietary SFA with PUFA on glycaemic regulation. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight participants completed a 25-d double-blind, randomised and controlled two-period crossover study. Participants were allocated to either interventions with PUFA products or SFA products (control) in a random order for three consecutive days, separated by a 1·5-week washout period between the intervention periods. Glucose, insulin and TAG were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, fasting total cholesterol, NEFA and plasma total fatty acid profile were measured before and after the 3-d interventions. Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and TAG levels and fasting levels of NEFA and plasma fatty acid profile did not differ between the groups. However, replacing dietary SFA with PUFA significantly reduced total cholesterol levels by 8 % after 3 d (P = 0·002). Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for only 3 d has beneficial cardio-metabolic effects by reducing cholesterol levels in healthy individuals.

• Svendsen, Karianne; Olsen, Thomas; Nordstrand Rusvik, Tove Caroline; Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Fatty acid profile and estimated desaturase activities in whole blood are associated with metabolic health. Lipids in Health and Disease. ISSN 1476-511X. 19. doi: 10.1186/s12944-020-01282-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Fan, Qiong; Nørgaard, Rikke Christine; Grytten, Ivar; Ness, Cecilie; Lucas, Christin & Vekterud, Kristin [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). LXRα Regulates ChREBPα Transactivity in a Target Gene-Specific Manner through an Agonist-Modulated LBD-LID Interaction. Cells. ISSN 2073-4409. 9(5), p. 1–26. doi: 10.3390/cells9051214. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The cholesterol-sensing nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR) and the glucose-sensing transcription factor carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) are central players in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. More knowledge of their mechanistic interplay is needed to understand their role in pathological conditions like fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. In the current study, LXR and ChREBP co-occupancy was examined by analyzing ChIP-seq datasets from mice livers. LXR and ChREBP interaction was determined by Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and their transactivity was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of target genes and gene reporter assays. Chromatin binding capacity was determined by ChIP-qPCR assays. Our data show that LXRα and ChREBPα interact physically and show a high co-occupancy at regulatory regions in the mouse genome. LXRα co-activates ChREBPα and regulates ChREBP-specific target genes in vitro and in vivo. This co-activation is dependent on functional recognition elements for ChREBP but not for LXR, indicating that ChREBPα recruits LXRα to chromatin in trans. The two factors interact via their key activation domains; the low glucose inhibitory domain (LID) of ChREBPα and the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of LXRα. While unliganded LXRα co-activates ChREBPα, ligand-bound LXRα surprisingly represses ChREBPα activity on ChREBP-specific target genes. Mechanistically, this is due to a destabilized LXRα:ChREBPα interaction, leading to reduced ChREBP-binding to chromatin and restricted activation of glycolytic and lipogenic target genes. This ligand-driven molecular switch highlights an unappreciated role of LXRα in responding to nutritional cues that was overlooked due to LXR lipogenesis-promoting function.

• Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Christensen, Jacob J.; Formo, Gulla Aase; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2020). A comprehensive metabolic profiling of the metabolically healthy obesity phenotype. Lipids in Health and Disease. ISSN 1476-511X. 19, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12944-020-01273-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Ulven, Stine Marie & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2020). Metabolomic and gene expression analysis to study the effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fats. Current Opinion in Lipidology. ISSN 0957-9672. 31(1), p. 15–19. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000651. Full text in Research Archive
• Christensen, Jacob Juel; Ulven, Stine Marie; Thoresen, Magne; Westerman, Kenneth; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Andersen, Lene Frost (2020). Associations between dietary patterns and gene expression pattern in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a cross-sectional study (preprint). bioRxiv. ISSN 2692-8205. doi: 10.1101/2020.01.25.20018465.
• Fan, Qiong; Nørgaard, Rikke Christine; Grytten, Ivar; Ness, Cecilie Maria; Lucas, Christin & Vekterud, Kristin [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2019). Open the LID: LXRα regulates ChREBPα transactivity in a target gene-specific manner through an agonist-modulated LBD-LID interaction. bioRxiv. ISSN 2692-8205. doi: 10.1101/2019.12.20.869974. Show summary

  The cholesterol-sensing nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR) and the glucose-sensing transcription factor carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) are central players in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in liver. We have previously shown that LXR regulates ChREBP transcription and activity; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the current study, we demonstrate that LXRα and ChREBPα interact physically, and show a high co-occupancy at regulatory regions in the mouse genome. LXRα co-activates ChREBPα, and regulates ChREBP-specific target genes in vitro and in vivo. This co-activation is dependent on functional recognition elements for ChREBP, but not for LXR, indicating that ChREBPα recruits LXRα to chromatin in trans. The two factors interact via their key activation domains; ChREBPα’s low glucose inhibitory domain (LID) and the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of LXRα. While unliganded LXRα co-activates ChREBPα, ligand-bound LXRα surprisingly represses ChREBPα activity on ChREBP-specific target genes. Mechanistically, this is due to a destabilized LXRα:ChREBPα interaction, leading to reduced ChREBP-binding to chromatin and restricted activation of glycolytic and lipogenic target genes. This ligand-driven molecular switch highlights an unappreciated role of LXRα that was overlooked due to LXR lipogenesis-promoting function.

• Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Gil, Angel & Rangel-Huerta, Oscar Daniel (2019). Milk and dairy product consumption and inflammatory biomarkers: an updated systematic review of randomized clinical trials . Advances in Nutrition. ISSN 2161-8313. 10(2), p. S239–S250. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy072.
• Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Rundblad, Amanda; Myhrstad, Mari; Leder, Lena & Dahlman, Ingrid [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2019). An isocaloric nordic diet modulates RELA and TNFRSF1A gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in individuals with metabolic syndrome - a SYSDIET sub-study. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 11:2932(12), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/nu11122932. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Rundblad, Amanda; Flatberg, Arnar; Myhrstad, Mari & Karlsen, Karina [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Increased protein intake affects pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) processing, immune function and IGF signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of home-dwelling old subjects using a genome-wide gene expression approach. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 14:32. doi: 10.1186/s12263-019-0654-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Rehfeld, Jens Frederik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Dairy products influence gut hormone secretion and appetite differently: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Journal of Dairy Science (JDS). ISSN 0022-0302. 103(2), p. 1100 –1109. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16863. Full text in Research Archive
• Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten; Friis, Svein; Lonning, Vera Louise Hiorth; Smelror, Runar; Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag & Agartz, Ingrid [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Lipid alterations in adolescents with early-onset psychosis may be independent of antipsychotic medication. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.039. Full text in Research Archive
• Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob J.; Bakke, Siril Skaret; Ulven, Stine Marie; Rundblad, Amanda & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Profiling of immune-related gene expression in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. p. 1–12. doi: 10.1111/joim.13001. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Thoresen, Magne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Sex differences in postprandial responses to different dairy products on lipoprotein subclasses: A randomised controlled cross-over trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 122(7), p. 780–789. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519001429. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Narverud, Ingunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Hansson, Patrik; Leder, Lena & Byfuglien, Marte Gjeitung [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Postprandial changes in gene expression of cholesterol influx and efflux mediators after intake of SFA compared to n-6 PUFA in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolemia – secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nutritional Science (JNS). ISSN 2048-6790. 8:e27, p. 1–27. doi: 10.1017/jns.2019.25. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The long-term cholesterol lowering effect of replacing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is well established, however not fully explained mechanistically. We examined the postprandial response of meals with different fat quality on expression of lipid genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Thirteen subjects with FH (who had discontinued lipid-lowering treatment ≥4 weeks prior to both test days) and 14 normolipidemic controls were included in a randomized controlled double-blind crossover study with two meals, each with 60 grams of fat either mainly SFAs (~40 E%) or n-6 PUFAs (~40 E%). PBMCs were isolated in fasting, and 4 and 6 hours postprandial blood samples. Expression of 33 lipid genes was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A linear mixed model was used to assess postprandial effects between meals and groups. There was a significant interaction between meal and group for MSR1 (p=0.03), where intake of SFAs compared to n-6 PUFAs induced a larger reduction in gene expression in controls only (p=0.01). Intake of SFAs compared to n-6 PUFAs induced larger reduction in gene expression levels of LDLR and FADS1/2, smaller increase of INSIG1 and FASN, and larger increase of ABCA1 and ABCG1 (p=0.01 for all, no group interaction). Intake of SFAs compared to n-6 PUFAs induced changes in gene expression of cholesterol influx and efflux mediators in PBMCs including lower LDLR and higher ABCA1/G1, potentially explaining the long-term cholesterol-raising effect of a high SFA intake.

• Narverud, Ingunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Ulven, Stine Marie; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Ueland, Thor [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Lipoprotein (a) concentration is associated with plasma arachidonic acid in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519001600. Full text in Research Archive
• Christensen, Jacob J.; Bakke, Siril Skaret; Ulven, Stine Marie; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Henriksen, Tore & Bollerslev, Jens [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Serum Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Immunology-Related Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Healthy Children. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 63(7). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800990. Full text in Research Archive

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• Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger Olaug; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie; Løland, Beate Fossum & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2024). Dietary treatment postpartum in women with obesity reduces weight and prevents weight gain: a randomised controlled trial.
• Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger Olaug; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie; Løland, Beate Fossum & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2023). Dietary treatment postpartum in women with obesity reduces weight and prevents weight gain: a randomised controlled trial.
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Difference in PBMC gene expression between elderly event-free FH patients and FH patients with CHD.
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Difference in PBMC gene expression between elderly event-free FH patients and FH patients with CHD.
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Thorsen, Ida; Fossum, Julie; Christensen, Jacob J. & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). What characterizes event-free elderly FH patients? A comprehensive lipoprotein profiling.
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Difference in PBMC gene expression between elderly event-free FH patients and FH patients with CHD.
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger ; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Løland, Beate Fossum [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Effect of a postpartum weight loss intervention in women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Ottestad, Inger ; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Løland, Beate Fossum [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Kostprogram postpartum reduserer vekt og forebygger vektoppgang blant kvinner med fedme – en randomisert kontrollert studie .
• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie; Christensen, Jacob Juel & Ottestad, Inger Olaug (2023). Betydning av kosten for endring i skrøpelighet hos hjemmeboende eldre etter 8 års oppfølging.
• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie; Ottestad, Inger Olaug & Christensen, Jacob Juel (2023). Inflammatory markers and frailty markers in home-dwelling elderly, a cross-sectional study.
• Ulven, Stine Marie; Ottestad, Inger Olaug; Christensen, Jacob Juel & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2023). Inflammatory markers and frailty in home-dwelling elderly, a cross-sectional study.
• Rundblad, Amanda; Das, Siddhartha; Matthews, Jason; Ginos, Gina; Kavousi, Maryam & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Air pollution, built environment and associations with gene expression and CVD risk markers in adults.
• Rundblad, Amanda; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2023). Associations between dietary intake and glucose tolerance in  clinical and metabolomics-based metabotypes.
• Rundblad, Amanda; Hansen, Anna Lena; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Melnes, Torunn; Ottestad, Inger Olaug & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have shorter telomeres than controls in older, but not in young subjects: a cross-sectional study.
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Thorsen, Ida; Fossum, Julie; Christensen, Jacob J. & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). What characterizes event-free elderly FH patients? A comprehensive lipoprotein profiling.
• Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Christensen, Jacob J.; Formo, Gulla Aase; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2022). Do All People With Obesity Have Increased Risk of Disease? Frontiers for Young Minds. ISSN 2296-6846. 10. doi: 10.3389/frym.2022.792630.
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Ottestad, Inger [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Dietary treatment prevents postpartum weight gain in women with obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Show summary

  Background: Women with pre-pregnancy obesity have an increased risk of retaining or gaining weight postpartum. Previously, we performed a dietary treatment which resulted in sustained weight loss and improved cardiometabolic risk factors in lactating women with a mean BMI=30 kg/m2. However, evidence is lacking for higher BMI classes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the dietary treatment on change in weight and markers of lipid- and glucose metabolism as well as postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and change in waist-and-hip-circumference in postpartum women with obesity. Methodology: At baseline, approximately 8 weeks postpartum, 29 women were randomised to a 12-week dietary treatment for weight loss (n=14) or to a control treatment (n=15) receiving a brochure on healthy eating. Measurements were made at baseline and 3 and 12 months later. Data was analysed using mixed model. Results: Mean BMI at baseline was 40.0 ± 5.2 kg/m2. Weight change after 3 months was -2.3 ± 3.1 kg in the diet group compared to 1.7 ± 3.1 kg in the control group (P=0.025), and -4.2 ± 5.6 kg in the diet group compared to 4.8 ± 11.8 kg in the control group after 12 months (P=0.010). The dietary treatment led to reduced waist circumference (P<0.032) and PPWR (P<0.002) compared to the control treatment at both time points. There were no effects of the treatment on markers of lipid- and glucose metabolism. Conclusion: The dietary treatment prevented postpartum women with obesity from retaining or gaining weight, and may even reduce weight.

• Hjorth, Marit; Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Norheim, Frode Amador; Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Sæther, Thomas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Consumption of salmon fishmeal increases hepatic cholesterol content in obese C57BL/6J mice .
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlsen, Harald; Rocha, Sergio Domingos Cardoso; Solberg, Nina; Høst, Vibeke & Veiseth-Kent, Eva [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Intake of avian Eggshell membrane powder can reduce inflammation and attenuate skeletal muscle aging.
• Christensen, Jacob Juel; Narverud, Ingunn; Ruuth, Maija; Heier, Martin; Jauhiainen, Matti & Ulven, Stine Marie [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Children with FH display changes in LDL and HDL function: a cross-sectional study.
• Ulven, Stine Marie (2021). Betydningen av exposomet i persontilpasset ernæring.
• Ulven, Stine Marie (2021). Dietary fat, metabolomics and inflammation assessed by gene expression profiling.
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Thorsen, Ida; Fossum, Julie; Christensen, Jacob J. & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Event-free FH patients >65 years of age are characterized by higher concentration of large HDL particles.
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Thorsen, Ida; Fossum, Julie; Christensen, Jacob J. & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Event-free FH patients ≥65 years of age are characterized by higher concentration of large HDL particles.
• Christensen, Jacob Juel; Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Ulven, Stine Marie; T. Kovanen, Petri; Jauhiainen, Matti & Öörni, Katariina [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). The homeoviscous adaptation to dietary lipids (HADL) hypothesis is probably incorrect. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 113(6), p. 1711–1712. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab110.
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Kirchner, Lisa; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Effects of dietary and exercise treatments on HDL subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Kirchner, Lisa; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Effects of dietary and exercise treatments on HDL subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Kirchner, Lisa; Winkvist, Anna; Bertz, Fredrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Effects of dietary and exercise treatments on HDL subclasses in lactating women with overweight and obesity: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
• Christensen, Jacob Juel; Ulven, Stine Marie; Thoresen, Magne; Westerman, Kenneth; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Andersen, Lene Frost (2020). Associations between dietary patterns and gene expression pattern in PBMCs: a cross-sectional study.
• Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Bakke, Siril Skaret; Ulven, Stine Marie; Rundblad, Amanda & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Profiling of immune‐related gene expression in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia.
• Gaundal, Line; Myhrstad, Mari; Leder, Lena; Byfuglien, Marte Gjeitung; Gjøvaag, Terje & Rud, Ida [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for 3 days: a randomized crossover trial.
• Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Rundblad, Amanda; Ottestad, Inger; Christensen, Jacob J.; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2019). Intake of fatty fish and lipoprotein subclass profiling in healthy adults: a cross-sectional analysis .
• Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Rundblad, Amanda; Ottestad, Inger; Christensen, Jacob J.; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2019). Intake of fatty fish and lipoprotein subclass profiling in healthy adults: a cross-sectional analysis .
• Myhrstad, Mari; Gaundal, Line; Stegelvik, Tina; Høgvard, Benedicte; Byfuglien, marthe & Rieder, Anne [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Intake of beta-glucan and changes in plasma metabolic profile. A short-term intervention in healthy subjects.
• Rundblad, Amanda; Larsen, Sunniva Veen; Myhrstad, Mari; Ottestad, Inger; Thoresen, Magne & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Characterization of PBMC gene expression and lipoprotein subclasses among plasma TG responders and non-responders.
• Ottestad, Inger; Ulven, Stine Marie; Sandvei, Kristin Søfteland; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Gundersen, Thomas & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Iodine status and effect of increased intake of milk among older Norwegian adults.
• Ulven, Stine Marie (2019). Hvordan kan vi utnytte restråstoff og utvikle nye matprodukter som er både sunne og bærekraftige – og gir verdiskaping? .
• Ulven, Stine Marie (2019). Triglyseride-responders/non-responders to omega-3 fatty acids; related to inflammatory PBMC expressed genes.
• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie & Bogsrud, Martin Prøven (2019). Editorial Comment: Hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease and impact of early cholesterol accumulation. Current Opinion in Lipidology. ISSN 0957-9672. 30(6), p. 490–493. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000646.
• Fan, Qiong; Nørgaard, Rikke Christine; Grytten, Ivar; Ness, Cecilie Maria; Lucas, Christin & Vekterud, Kristin [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2019). LXRα interacts with the glucose-sensing transcription factor ChREBPα to regulate its transcriptional activity. Show summary

  The cholesterol-sensing nuclear receptor Liver X Receptor (LXR) and the glucose-sensing transcription factor carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) are central players in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. LXR does this job in part by regulating the expression of ChREBP. We have previously shown that LXR also regulates ChREBP activity. To get a better understanding of mechanisms at play, we asked if LXR and ChREBP interact physically. Interestingly, LXRα binds to ChREBPα, but not the shorter isoform ChREBPβ. Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) of different LXR and ChRBEP domains shows that it is ChREBPα’s low glucose inhibitory domain (LID), which is lacking in ChREBPβ, that interacts with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of LXRα. In line with this, we see a surprisingly high co-occupancy of LXR and ChREBP on regulatory regions in the mouse genome when re-analysing two independently published chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) datasets. Moreover, Functional studies show that LXRα is able to co-activate together with ChREBPα, but not ChREBPβ, and increase ChREBP-specific target gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Unexpectedly however, ligand-engaged LXR exhibits a repressive effect on the expression of the same genes in primary mouse hepatocytes, in contrast to what we observe with target genes that are common to LXR and ChREBP. Performing CoIP and ChIP on selected target genes, we demonstrate mechanistically that the repressive effect most likely is due to a weakened ChREBPα:LXRα interaction and reduced binding of ChREBP to chromatin. Altogether, the novel transcriptional complex comprising ChREBPα and LXRα adds to the intricate integration of nutrient signals in glucose and lipid metabolism.

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine Marie; Brantsæter, Anne Lise & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Novel and comprehensive metabolite profiling in cord blood reveal sex differences: A sub-study from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study.
• Andersen, Lene Frost; Berstad, Paula; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Dahl, Lisbeth Jane; Goksøyr, Anders & Knutsen, Helle Katrine [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2020). Protocol and description of literature searches for the risk-benefit assessment of fish in the Norwegian diet. The Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. ISSN 978-82-8259-335-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Løvik, Martinus; Dahl, Lisbeth; Mangschou, Bente; Ulven, Stine Marie; Andersen, Lene Frost & Dalen, Knut Tomas [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Assessment of dietary intake of fluoride and maximum limits of fluoride in food supplements. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-328-1. Full text in Research Archive

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