Our latest publications

• Viken, Jonas Krag; Olsen, Thomas; Drevon, Christian André; Hjorth, Marit; Birkeland, Kåre Inge & Norheim, Frode Amador [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Intra-Individual Variations in How Insulin Sensitivity Responds to Long-Term Exercise: Predictions by Machine Learning Based on Large-Scale Serum Proteomics. Metabolites. ISSN 2218-1989. doi: 10.3390/metabo14060335.
• Guo, Shuai; Kolan, Shirkant; Li, Gaoyang; Hammarstrøm, Clara L; Grimolizzi, Franco & Stuhr, Linda Elin Birkhaug [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Reduced EO771-induced tumour growth and increased overall-survival of mice ablated for immune cell-specific catalytic subunit Cβ2 of protein kinase A. Immunology Letters. ISSN 0165-2478. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106884..
• Dalen, Knut Tomas & Li, Yuchuan (2024). Regulation of lipid droplets and cholesterol metabolism in adrenal cortical cells. Vitamines and Hormones. ISSN 0083-6729. 124, p. 79–136. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.007.
• Kannen, Vinicius; Grant, Denis M. & Matthews, Jason (2024). The mast cell-T lymphocyte axis impacts cancer: Friend or foe? Cancer Letters. ISSN 0304-3835. 588. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216805.
• Pietzner, Maik; Uluvar, Bululca; Kolnes, Kristoffer Jensen; Jeppesen, Per Bendix; Frivold, Victoria & Skattebo, Øyvind [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2024). Systemic proteome adaptions to 7-day complete caloric restriction in humans. Nature Metabolism. doi: 10.1038/s42255-024-01008-9.
• Nolsøe, Jens Mortansson Jelstrup; Underhaug, Jarl; Sørskår, Åshild Moi; Antonsen, Simen; Malterud, Karl Egil & Gani, Osman [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). Biological Evaluations, NMR Analyses, Molecular Modeling Studies, and Overview of the Synthesis of the Marine Natural Product (−)-Mucosin . Molecules. ISSN 1431-5157. 29(5). doi: 10.3390/molecules29050994. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Natural products obtained from marine organisms continue to be a rich source of novel structural architecture and of importance in drug discovery, medicine, and health. However, the success of such endeavors depends on the exact structural elucidation and access to sufficient material, often by stereoselective total synthesis, of the isolated natural product of interest. (−)-Mucosin (1), a fatty acid derivative, previously presumed to contain a rare cis-bicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-ene moiety, has since been shown to be the trans-congener. Analytically, the fused bicyclic ring system in (−)-1 constitutes a particular challenge in order to establish its relative and absolute stereochemistry. Herein, data from biological evaluations, NMR and molecular modeling studies of (−)-1 are presented. An overview of the synthetic strategies enabling the exact structural elucidation of (−)-mucosin (1) is also presented.

• Clauss, Matthieu; Bukhardt, Meike; Wøber, Sophie; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Jensen, Jørgen (2024). Effect of five hours of mixed exercise on urinary nitrogen excretion in healthy moderate-to-well-trained young adults. Frontiers in Nutrition. ISSN 2296-861X. 11, p. 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1345922.
• Nilsen, Lotte LK; Tandrup, Max Norman; Haubek, Dorte; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Overgaard, Kristian [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). The Effect of Alginate Encapsulated Plant-Based Carbohydrate and Protein Supplementation on Recovery and Subsequent Performance in Athletes. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 16(3). doi: 10.3390/nu16030413.
• Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Li, Yuchuan; Khanal, Prabhat; Hjorth, Marit; Kolset, Svein Olav & Norheim, Frode Amador [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Altered hepatic lipid droplet morphology and lipid metabolism in fasted Plin2-null mice. Journal of Lipid Research. ISSN 0022-2275. 64(12). doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100461. Full text in Research Archive
• Das, Siddhartha; Somisetty, Venkata Satheesh; Ulven, Stine Marie & Matthews, Jason (2023). Resveratrol and 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Differentially Regulate Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity through Multiple Transcriptomic Targets in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 24(19). doi: 10.3390/ijms241914578. Full text in Research Archive
• Pourteymour, Shirin; Drevon, Christian André; Dalen, Knut Tomas & Norheim, Frode Amador (2023). Mechanisms Behind NAFLD: a System Genetics Perspective. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. ISSN 1523-3804. 25(11), p. 869–878. doi: 10.1007/s11883-023-01158-3.
• Bartkeviciene, Arenida; Jasukaitiene, Aldona; Zievyte, Inga; Stukas, Darius; Ivanauskiene, Sandra & Urboniene, Daiva [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Association between AHR Expression and Immune Dysregulation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Insights from Comprehensive Immune Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Cancers. ISSN 2072-6694. 15(18). doi: 10.3390/cancers15184639. Full text in Research Archive
• Stukas, Darius; Jasukaitiene, Aldona; Bartkeviciene, Arenida; Matthews, Jason; Maimets, Toivo & Teino, Indrek [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Targeting AHR Increases Pancreatic Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Gemcitabine through the ELAVL1-DCK Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 24(17). doi: 10.3390/ijms241713155. Full text in Research Archive
• Rasmussen, Marit; Alvik, Karoline; Kannen, Vinicius; Olafsen, Ninni Elise; Erlingsson, Linnea Anna Margareta & Grimaldi, Giulia [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Loss of PARP7 Increases Type I Interferon Signaling in EO771 Breast Cancer Cells and Prevents Mammary Tumor Growth by Increasing Antitumor Immunity. Cancers. ISSN 2072-6694. 15(14). doi: 10.3390/cancers15143689. Full text in Research Archive
• Hindar, Kjetil; Bodin, Johanna Eva; Duale, Nur; Jevnaker, Anne-Marthe Ganes; Garseth, Åse Helen & Malmstrøm, Martin [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified sterile VIRGIN® Atlantic salmon for use in research trials in aquaculture sea-cages. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2023:20, p. 1–94. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  One of the substantial environmental challenges posed by the aquaculture industry is the escape of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which can mate with wild Atlantic salmon and alter the genetic composition of the wild populations. One potential solution to mitigate this issue is the cultivation of sterile salmon in aquaculture. Atlantic salmon can be made sterile by pressure or temperature treatment of newly fertilized eggs to produce triploids, which are functionally sterile due to their unpaired chromosomes. However, these triploids often perform poorly on commercial fish farms and the production of triploid salmon in Norway is put on hold due to welfare issues of the fish.

• Pfabigan, Daniela M.; Frogner, Erik Rimestad; Schéle, Erik; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Dickson, Suzanne L. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Ghrelin is related to lower brain reward activation during touch. Psychophysiology. ISSN 0048-5772. 61(2). doi: 10.1111/psyp.14443. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The gut hormone ghrelin drives food motivation and increases food intake, but it is also involved in the anticipation of and response to rewards other than food. This pre-registered study investigated how naturally varying ghrelin concentrations affect the processing of touch as a social reward in humans. Sixty-seven volunteers received slow caressing touch (so-called CT-targeted touch) as a social reward and control touch on their shins during 3T functional imaging on two test days. On one occasion, participants were fasted, and on another, they received a meal. On each occasion, plasma ghrelin was measured at three time points. All touch was rated as more pleasant after the meal, but there was no association between ghrelin concentrations and pleasantness. CT-targeted touch was rated as the most pleasant and activated somatosensory and reward networks (whole brain). A region-of-interest in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) showed lower activation during all touches, the higher the ghrelin concentrations were. During CT-targeted touch, a larger satiety response (ghrelin decrease after the meal) was associated with higher mOFC activation, and this mOFC activation was associated with higher experienced pleasantness. Overall, higher ghrelin concentrations appear to be related to a lower reward value for touch. Ghrelin may reduce the value of social stimuli, such as touch, to promote food search and intake in a state of low energy. This suggests that the role of ghrelin goes beyond assigning value to food reward.

• Nordsletten, Marie Wiborg; Saeed, Usman; Myklebust, Tor Åge; Robsahm, Trude Eid; Møller, Bjørn & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Body mass index and its association with 22 cancer types: a Norwegian cohort study of 481 202 cancer cases. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 62(10), p. 1273–1278. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2023.2258443.
• Saeed, Usman; Nordsletten, Marie Wiborg; Myklebust, Tor Åge; Robsahm, Trude Eid; Møller, Bjørn & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Cancer risk and survival according to body mass index in hepatobiliary malignancies: a nationwide registry-based cohort study. HPB. ISSN 1365-182X. 25(11), p. 1382–1392. doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.07.882. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The aim of this study was to explore the associations between BMI and cancer of the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Methods A registry-based cohort study was performed by linking data from several national registries in Norway. Results The cohort comprised 1 723 692 individuals including 4768 hepatobiliary cancer cases during 55 743 509 person-years of follow-up. In men, we found increased risk of cancer per 5 kg/m2 BMI increase for hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In women there was increased risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Women with high BMI in early adulthood had increased risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Reduced cancer-specific survival was found for all hepatobiliary malignancies in women with overweight and obesity. In men, reduced survival was observed in individuals with obesity for all hepatobiliary cancers, except gallbladder cancer. Increased risk of cancer-death per 5 kg/m2 BMI increase was found for hepatocellular carcinoma, intra-, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in women. For men, 5 kg/m2 BMI increase was positively associated with cancer-death from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Discussion This study supports the notion of an increased risk of hepatobiliary cancers with increasing BMI, with sex and age variations. The findings also suggest a higher risk of cancer-death with increasing BMI.

• Li, Yanjiao; Wang, Yunhao; Vera-Rodriguez, Maria; Lindeman, Leif Christopher; Skuggen, Linda Ellevog & Rasmussen, Erik Magne Koscielniak [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2023). Single-cell m6A mapping in vivo using picoMeRIP–seq. Nature Biotechnology. ISSN 1087-0156. doi: 10.1038/s41587-023-01831-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Meen, Astri Jeanette; Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Böttcher, Yvonne; Dankel, Simon N; Hoffmann, Anne & Blüher, Matthias [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). Obesity Is Associated with Distorted Proteoglycan Expression in Adipose Tissue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 24(8). doi: 10.3390/ijms24086884. Full text in Research Archive
• Moore, Timothy M.; Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Olsen, Thomas; Morselli, Marco; Strumwasser, Alexander R. & Lin, Amanda J. [Show all 40 contributors for this article] (2023). Conserved multi-tissue transcriptomic adaptations to exercise training in humans and mice. Cell reports. ISSN 2211-1247. 42(5). doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112499. Full text in Research Archive
• gjølberg, torleif; Wik, Jonas Aakre; Johannessen, Hanna; Krüger, Stig; Bassi, Nicola & Christopoulos, Panagiotis [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Antibody blockade of Jagged1 attenuates choroidal neovascularization. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 14(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38563-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Sollie, Ove; Clauss, Matthieu; Jeppesen, Per Bendix; Tangen, Daniel S.; Johansen, Egil Ivar & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Similar performance after intake of carbohydrate plus whey protein and carbohydrate only in the early phase after non-exhaustive cycling. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 33(7), p. 1091–1103. doi: 10.1111/sms.14364. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare performance 5 h after a 90-min endurance training session when either carbohydrate only or carbohydrate with added whey hydrolysate or whey isolate was ingested during the first 2 h of the recovery period. Methods: Thirteen highly trained competitive male cyclists completed three exercise and diet interventions (double-blinded, randomized, crossover design) separated by 1 week. The 90-min morning session (EX1) included a 60 min time-trial (TT60). Immediately and 1 h after exercise, participants ingested either (1) 1.2 g carbohydrate∙kg−1∙h−1 (CHO), (2) 0.8 g carbohydrate∙kg−1∙h−1 + 0.4 g isolate whey protein∙kg−1∙h−1 (ISO) or (3) 0.8 g carbohydrate∙kg−1∙h−1 + 0.4 g hydrolysate whey protein∙kg−1∙h−1 (HYD). Additional intakes were identical between interventions. After 5 h of recovery, participants completed a time-trial performance (TTP) during which a specific amount of work was performed. Blood and urine were collected throughout the day. Results: TTP did not differ significantly between dietary interventions (CHO: 43:54 ± 1:36, ISO: 46:55 ± 2:32, HYD: 44:31 ± 2:01 min). Nitrogen balance during CHO was lower than ISO (p < 0.0001) and HYD (p < 0.0001), with no difference between ISO and HYD (p = 0.317). In recovery, the area under the curve for blood glucose was higher in CHO compared to ISO and HYD. HR, VO2, RER, glucose, and lactate during EX2 were similar between interventions. Conclusion: Performance did not differ after 5 h of recovery whether carbohydrate only or isocaloric carbohydrate plus protein was ingested during the first 2 h. Correspondingly, participants were not in negative nitrogen balance in any dietary intervention.

• Alvik, Karoline; Shao, Peng; Hutin, David; Baglole, Carolyn J.; Grant, Denis M & Matthews, Jason (2022). Increased sensitivity to chemically induced colitis in mice harboring a DNA-binding deficient aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Toxicological Sciences. ISSN 1096-6080. 191(2), p. 321–331. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac132. Full text in Research Archive
• Kolan, Shrikant; Li, Gaoyang; Grimolizzi, Franco; Sexton, Joseph; Kvien, Tore Kristian & Goll, Guro Løvik [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Identification of SNPs associated with methotrexate treatment outcomes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Frontiers in Pharmacology. ISSN 1663-9812. 13. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1075603. Full text in Research Archive
• Canet, Francisco; Christensen, Jacob J.; Victor, Victor M.; Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Ottestad, Inger & Rundblad, Amanda [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Glycated proteins, glycine, acetate, and monounsaturated fatty acids may act as new biomarkers to predict the progression of type 2 diabetes: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 14(23), p. 1–19. doi: 10.3390/nu14235165. Full text in Research Archive
• Sakita, Juliana Y.; Elias-Oliveira, Jefferson; Carlos, Daniela; de Souza Santos, Emerson; Almeida, Luciana Yamamoto & Malta, Tathiane M. [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2022). Mast cell-T cell axis alters development of colitis-dependent and colitis-independent colorectal tumours: potential for therapeutically targeting via mast cell inhibition. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC). 10(10). doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004653. Full text in Research Archive
• Saaed, Usman; Myklebust, Tor Åge; Robsahm, Trude Eid; Kielland, Marlene Fritsch; Møller, Bjørn & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Risk and survival in colorectal cancer with increasing body mass index: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Colorectal Disease. ISSN 1462-8910. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1111/codi.16367. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: The aim was to explore potential associations between the body mass index (BMI) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), including subsites of the colon, and cancer-specific death. Methods: A registry-based cohort study was conducted with baseline data gathered from the Norwegian Tuberculosis Screening Programme, collected between 1963 and 1975, and linked to follow-up data from the Cancer Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Cox regression models were used to explore associations between BMI and CRC risk and cancer-specific death. Results: Of 1 723 692 included individuals, 76 616 developed CRC during 55 370 707 person-years of follow-up. In men, a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, including both right and left subsites, and rectal cancer. Allowing for nonlinearities, we found a U-shaped association for the right colon and an inverse U-shape for the left colon and rectum cancer. In women, a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI in early adulthood was associated with increased risk of colon cancer, including both subsites. In women, an increased risk of CRC death with increasing BMI was found for colon cancer. Conclusions: Men of all ages have an increased risk of CRC with increasing BMI, with the highest risk for right-sided colon cancer. An increased risk for colon cancer was also found in women with high BMI in early adulthood. Furthermore, women of all age groups appeared to have an increased risk of CRC death with higher BMI.

• Saaed, Usman; Myklebust, Tor Åge; Robsahm, Trude Eid; Møller, Bjørn; Mala, Tom & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Body mass index and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A nationwide registry-based cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. ISSN 1457-4969. 112(1), p. 11–21. doi: 10.1177/14574969221127530. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and objective:An association between body mass index (BMI) and pancreatic cancer is suggested in observational studies. However, further studies are required to substantiate available evidence. The aim of this study was to explore the association between BMI and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk, treatment, and mortality. Methods:A registry-based cohort study was performed by combining data from four registries in Norway. Baseline data were collected between 1963 and 1975 with follow-up data collected until 2018. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariable Cox regressions were estimated. Chi-square tests were used to analyze differences between groups. Results:The study cohort consisted of 1,723,692 individuals. A total of 8973 PDAC cases were identified during 55,744,749 person-years of follow-up. A 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with an increased risk of PDAC if high BMI at young age (16–29 years) (hazard ratio (HR): 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.31), both for men (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.15–1.46) and women (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05–1.28). In men, there was a 52% increase in risk of early-onset PDAC (<age 50) (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.13-2.03) with 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI. A total of 2645 individuals were diagnosed with stage 1–3 disease, of whom 1131 underwent curative surgery. In all, 49% of normal weight, 38% overweight, and 30% obese individuals with stage 1–3 PDAC underwent surgery with curative intent (p < 0.001). Cancer survival was lower in overweight and obese individuals for both sexes. Analysis adjusted for sex, age, and period of diagnosis confirmed increased risk of cancer death in obese individuals. Conclusion:This study suggests that increased BMI in young adults may increase the risk of PDAC, and higher BMI in men is associated with an increased risk of early onset PDAC (<age 50). Overweight and obese individuals were less likely to undergo curative surgery and obese individuals had a higher risk of cancer-related death.

• Mavingire, Nicole; Campbell, Petreena; Liu, Tiantian; Wooten, Jonathan; Khan, Salma & Chen, Xin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Aminoflavone upregulates putative tumor suppressor miR-125b-2-3p to inhibit luminal A breast cancer stem cell-like properties. Precision Clinical Medicine. ISSN 2096-5303. 5(2). doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbac008.
• Hjorth, Marit; Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Norheim, Frode Amador; Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Sæther, Thomas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Consumption of salmon fishmeal increases hepatic cholesterol content in obese C57BL/6 J mice. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. 61, p. 4027–4043. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02930-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Purpose By-products from farmed fish contain large amounts of proteins and may be used for human consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiometabolic effects and metabolic tolerance in mice consuming fishmeal from salmon by-products, salmon filet or beef. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice were fed chow, as a healthy reference group, or a high-fat diet for 10 weeks to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. Obese mice were subsequently given isocaloric diets containing 50% of the dietary protein from salmon fishmeal, salmon filet or beef for 10 weeks. Mice were subjected to metabolic phenotyping, which included measurements of body composition, energy metabolism in metabolic cages and glucose tolerance. Lipid content and markers of hepatic toxicity were determined in plasma and liver. Hepatic gene and protein expression was determined with RNA sequencing and immunoblotting. Results Mice fed fishmeal, salmon filet or beef had similar food intake, energy consumption, body weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance and circulating levels of lipids and hepatic toxicity markers, such as p-ALT and p-AST. Fishmeal increased hepatic cholesterol levels by 35–36% as compared to salmon filet (p = 0.0001) and beef (p = 0.005). This was accompanied by repressed expression of genes involved in steroid and cholesterol metabolism and reduced levels of circulating Pcsk9. Conclusion Salmon fishmeal was well tolerated, but increased hepatic cholesterol content. The high cholesterol content in fishmeal may be responsible for the effects on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Before introducing fishmeal from salmon by-products as a dietary component, it may be advantageous to reduce the cholesterol content in fishmeal. Introduction

• Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Romero, Silvana Angelica Troncoso; Ramirez-Garrastacho, Manuel; Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Kolnes, Kristoffer Jensen & Tangen, Daniel S. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Extracellular vesicles and microRNAs are altered in response to exercise, insulin sensitivity and overweight. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 236(4). doi: 10.1111/apha.13862. Full text in Research Archive
• Wik, Jonas Aakre & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen (2022). T Cell Metabolism in Infection. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 13, p. 1–17. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840610. Full text in Research Archive
• Tellez Gabriel, Marta; Tekpli, Xavier; Reine, Trine M.; Hegge, Beate; Nielsen, Stephanie Rose & Chen, Meng [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Serglycin is Involved in TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is highly expressed by immune cells in breast cancer tissue. Frontiers in Oncology. ISSN 2234-943X. 12:868868, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.868868. Full text in Research Archive
• Vázquez-Gómez, Gerardo; Karasová, Martina; Tylichová, Zuzana; Kabátková, Markéta; Hampl, Aleš & Matthews, Jason [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Limits the Inflammatory Responses in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells via Interference with NF-κB Signaling. Cells. ISSN 2073-4409. 11(4). doi: 10.3390/cells11040707. Full text in Research Archive
• Hutin, David; Hagen, Karoline Alvik; Shao, Peng; Sugamori, Kim; Grant, Denis M. & Matthews, Jason (2022). Reduced Colonic Mucosal Injury in 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (TIPARP/PARP7)-Deficient Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 23(2). doi: 10.3390/ijms23020920. Full text in Research Archive
• Torp, May-Kristin; Ranheim, Trine; Schjalm, Camilla; Hjorth, Marit; Heiestad, Christina Mathisen & Dalen, Knut Tomas [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Intracellular Complement Component 3 Attenuated Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Buffer-Perfused Mouse Heart and Is Associated With Improved Metabolic Homeostasis. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 13. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870811. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The innate immune system is rapidly activated during myocardial infarction and blockade of extracellular complement system reduces infarct size. Intracellular complement, however, appears to be closely linked to metabolic pathways and its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury is unknown and may be different from complement activation in the circulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of intracellular complement in isolated, retrogradely buffer-perfused hearts and cardiac cells from adult male wild type mice (WT) and from adult male mice with knockout of complement component 3 (C3KO). Main findings: (i) Intracellular C3 protein was expressed in isolated cardiomyocytes and in whole hearts, (ii) after ischemia-reperfusion injury, C3KO hearts had larger infarct size (32 ± 9% in C3KO vs. 22 ± 7% in WT; p=0.008) and impaired post-ischemic relaxation compared to WT hearts, (iii) C3KO cardiomyocytes had lower basal oxidative respiration compared to WT cardiomyocytes, (iv) blocking mTOR decreased Akt phosphorylation in WT, but not in C3KO cardiomyocytes, (v) after ischemia, WT hearts had higher levels of ATP, but lower levels of both reduced and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH and NAD+, respectively) compared to C3KO hearts. Conclusion: intracellular C3 protected the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury, possibly due to its role in metabolic pathways important for energy production and cell survival.

• Hjorth, Marit; Galigniana, Natalia; Ween, Ola; Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Dalen, Knut Tomas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Postprandial Effects of Salmon Fishmeal and Whey on Metabolic Markers in Serum and Gene Expression in Liver Cells. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 14(8). doi: 10.3390/nu14081593. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fish is considered an important part of a healthy diet, in part due to the content of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. However, both lean and fatty fish have beneficial health effects, suggesting that micronutrients and proteins may play a role. In a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial, five healthy male participants consumed 5.2 g of protein from either salmon fishmeal or whey. Blood samples were taken before and 30 and 60 min after intake. The concentration of glucose, lipids, hormones and metabolites, including 28 different amino acids and derivatives, were measured in serum or plasma. Cultured HepG2 cells were incubated with or without serum from the participants, and transcriptomic profiling was performed using RNA sequencing. The ingestion of both salmon fishmeal and whey reduced the glucose and triglyceride levels in serum. Protein intake, independent of the source, increased the concentration of 22 amino acids and derivatives in serum. Fishmeal increased the concentration of arginine, methionine, serine, glycine, cystathionine and 2-aminobutyric acid more than whey did. Incubation with postprandial serum resulted in large transcriptomic alterations in serum-fasted HepG2 cells, with the differential expression of >4500 protein coding genes. However, when comparing cells cultivated in fasting serum to postprandial serum after the ingestion of fishmeal and whey, we did not detect any differentially regulated genes, neither with respect to the protein source nor with respect to the time after the meal. The comparable nutrigenomic effects of fishmeal and whey do not change the relevance of fish by-products as an alternative food source.

• Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Olsen, Thomas; Norheim, Frode Amador; Drevon, Christian A & Birkeland, Kåre Inge (2022). Potential Mechanisms for How Long-Term Physical Activity May Reduce Insulin Resistance. Metabolites. ISSN 2218-1989. 12(3)(208). doi: 10.3390/metabo12030208. Full text in Research Archive
• Aalberg, Karoline; Stavem, Knut; Norheim, Frode Amador; Russell, Michael Bjørn & Chaibi, Aleksander (2021). Effect of oral and transdermal oestrogen therapy on bone mineral density in functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open sport & exercise medicine. ISSN 2055-7647. 7(3). doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001112. Full text in Research Archive
• Bodin, Johanna Eva; Thorstensen, Tage; Alsheikh, Muath K; Basic, Dean; Edvardsen, Rolf Brudvik & Dalen, Knut Tomas [Show all 41 contributors for this article] (2021). Genome editing in food and feed production – implications for risk assessment. Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2021(18). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) initiated this work to examine the extent to which organisms developed by genome-editing technologies pose new challenges in terms of risk assessment. This report considers whether the risk assessment guidance on genetically modified organisms, developed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), can be applied to evaluate potential risks of organisms developed by genome editing. Background Gene technology has allowed for the transfer of genes between organisms and species, and thereby to design altered genotypes with novel traits, i.e. GMOs. A new paradigm started in the early 2000s with the development of genome-editing techniques. Unlike traditional genetic modification techniques resulting in insertion of foreign DNA fragments at random locations in the genome, the new genome-editing techniques additionally open for a few single nucleotide edits or short insertions/deletions at a targeted site in an organism’s genome. These new techniques can be applied to most types of organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms of commercial interest. An important question is how the novel, genome-edited organisms should be evaluated with respect to risks to health and the environment. The European Court of Justice decided in 2018 to include genome-edited organisms in the GMO definition and hence in the regulatory system already in place. This implies that all products developed by genome-editing techniques must be risk-assessed within the existing regulatory framework for GMOs. The European and Norwegian regulatory frameworks regulate the production, import and placing on the market of food and feed containing, consisting of or produced from GMOs, as well as the release of GMOs into the environment. The assessment draws on guidance documents originally developed by EFSA for risk assessment of GMOs, which were drawn up mainly to address risks regarding insertion of transgenes. The new genome-editing techniques, however, provide a new continuum of organisms ranging from those only containing a minor genetic alteration to organisms containing insertion or deletion of larger genomic regions. Risk assessment of organisms developed by genome editing The present discourse on how new genome-editing techniques should be regulated lacks an analysis of whether risk assessment methodologies for GMOs are adequate for risk assessment of organisms developed through the use of the new genome-editing techniques. Therefore, this report describes the use of genome-editing techniques in food and feed production and discusses challenges in risk assessment with the regulatory framework. Specifically, this report poses the question as to whether the EFSA guidance documents are sufficient for evaluating risks to health and environment posed by genome-edited plants, animals and microorganisms. To address these questions, the report makes use of case examples relevant for Norway. These examples, intended for food and feed, include oilseed rape with a modified fatty acid profile, herbicide-tolerant and pest-resistant crops, sterile salmon, virus-resistant pigs and hornless cattle. The report considers all aspects of the stepwise approach as described in the EFSA guidance documents. Conclusions The inherent flexibility of the EFSA guidance makes it suitable to cover health and environmental risk assessments of a wide range of organisms with various traits and intended uses. Combined with the embedded case-by-case approach the guidance is applicable to genome-edited organisms. The evaluation of the guidance demonstrates that the parts of the health and environmental risk assessment concerned with novel traits (i.e. the phenotype of the organism) may be fully applied to all categories of genome-edited organisms. ............

• Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Ottestad, Inger Olaug; Hjorth, Marit; Dalen, Knut Tomas; Sæther, Thomas & Sheikh, Navida Akhter [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). No effect of salmon fish protein on 2-h glucose in adults with increased risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 126(9), p. 1304–1313. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521000040. Full text in Research Archive
• Li, Bingyu B; Scott, Erica Y; Olafsen, Ninni Elise; Matthews, Jason & Wheeler, Aaron R (2021). Analysis of the effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression on cancer cell invasion via three-dimensional microfluidic invasion assays. Lab on a Chip. ISSN 1473-0197. doi: 10.1039/d1lc00854d.
• Lüscher, Bernhard; Ahel, I; Altmeyer, Matthias; Ashworth, Alan; Bai, Peter & Chang, Paul [Show all 47 contributors for this article] (2021). ADP-ribosyltransferases, an update on function and nomenclature . The FEBS Journal. ISSN 1742-464X. doi: 10.1111/febs.16142. Full text in Research Archive
• Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Norheim, Frode Amador; Hjorth, Marit; Grujic, Mirjana; Paivandy, Aida & Dankel, Simon N [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Serglycin Is Involved in Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 208(1), p. 121–132. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100231. Show summary

  Chronic local inflammation of adipose tissue is an important feature of obesity. Serglycin is a proteoglycan highly expressed by various immune cell types known to infiltrate adipose tissue under obese conditions. To investigate if serglycin expression has an impact on diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation, we subjected Srgn+/+ and Srgn−/− mice (C57BL/6J genetic background) to an 8-wk high-fat and high-sucrose diet. The total body weight was the same in Srgn+/+ and Srgn−/− mice after diet treatment. Expression of white adipose tissue genes linked to inflammatory pathways were lower in Srgn−/− mice. We also noted reduced total macrophage abundance, a reduced proportion of proinflammatory M1 macrophages, and reduced formation of crown-like structures in adipose tissue of Srgn−/− compared with Srgn+/+ mice. Further, Srgn−/− mice had more medium-sized adipocytes and fewer large adipocytes. Differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (3T3-L1) was accompanied by reduced Srgn mRNA expression. In line with this, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from mouse and human adipose tissue supports that Srgn mRNA is predominantly expressed by various immune cells, with low expression in adipocytes. Srgn mRNA expression was higher in obese compared with lean humans and mice, accompanied by an increased expression of immune cell gene markers. SRGN and inflammatory marker mRNA expression was reduced upon substantial weight loss in patients after bariatric surgery. Taken together, this study introduces a role for serglycin in the regulation of obesity-induced adipose inflammation.

• Rodriguez, Kelly; Buch-Larsen, Sara C; Kirby, Ilsa; Rodriguez Siordia, Ivan; Hutin, David & Rasmussen, Marit [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Chemical genetics and proteome-wide site mapping reveal cysteine MARylation by PARP-7 on immune-relevant protein targets . eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. doi: 10.7554/eLife.60480. Full text in Research Archive
• Cederkvist, Fritjof Henning; Kolan, Shrikant; Wik, Jonas Aakre; Sener, Zeynep & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen (2021). Identification and characterization of a novel glutaminase inhibitor. FEBS Open Bio. ISSN 2211-5463. 12(1), p. 163–174. doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.13319. Full text in Research Archive
• Hutin, David; Long, Alexandra S; Sugamori, Kim; Shao, Peng; Singh, Sachin Kumar & Rasmussen, Marit [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD)-Inducible Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase (TIPARP/PARP7) Catalytic Mutant Mice (Tiparp^H532A) Exhibit Increased Sensitivity to TCDD-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Lethality. Toxicological Sciences. ISSN 1096-6080. 183(1), p. 154–169. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab075. Full text in Research Archive
• Guerrina, Necola; Aloufi, Noof; Shi, Fangyi; Prasade, Kashmira; Mehrotra, Caitlin & Traboulsi, Hussein [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor reduces LC3II expression and controls endoplasmic reticulum stress. American Journal of Physiology - Lung cellular and Molecular Physiology. ISSN 1040-0605. 320(3), p. L339–L355. doi: 10.1152/AJPLUNG.00122.2020. Full text in Research Archive
• Taylor, Susan S.; Søberg, Kristoffer; Kobori, Evan; Wu, Jian; Pautz, Sabine & Herberg, Friedrich W. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). The tails of PKA. Molecular Pharmacology. ISSN 0026-895X. 101(4), p. 219–225. doi: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000315.
• Rasmussen, Marit; Tan, Susanna; Somisetty, Venkata Satheesh; Hutin, David; Olafsen, Ninni Elise & Moen, Anders [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). PARP7 and Mono-ADP-Ribosylation Negatively Regulate Estrogen Receptor α Signaling in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Cells. ISSN 2073-4409. 10(3). doi: 10.3390/cells10030623. Show summary

  ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational protein modification catalyzed by a family of proteins known as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases. PARP7 (TIPARP; ARTD14) is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in several cellular processes, including responses to hypoxia, innate immunity and regulation of nuclear receptors. Since previous studies suggested that PARP7 was regulated by 17β-estradiol, we investigated whether PARP7 regulates estrogen receptor α signaling. We confirmed the 17β-estradiol-dependent increases of PARP7 mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7 cells, and observed recruitment of estrogen receptor α to the promoter of PARP7. Overexpression of PARP7 decreased ligand-dependent estrogen receptor α signaling, while treatment of PARP7 knockout MCF-7 cells with 17β-estradiol resulted in increased expression of and recruitment to estrogen receptor α target genes, in addition to increased proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PARP7 mono-ADP-ribosylated estrogen receptor α, and mass spectrometry mapped the modified peptides to the receptor’s ligand-independent transactivation domain. Co-immunoprecipitation with truncated estrogen receptor α variants identified that the hinge region of the receptor is required for PARP7-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation. These results imply that PARP7-mediated mono-ADP-ribosylation may play an important role in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer.

• Taylor, Susan S.; Wallbott, Maximillian; Machal, Erik F; Søberg, Kristoffer; Ahmed, Faihaa & Bruystens, Jessica [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). PKA Cβ: a forgotten catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase opens new windows for PKA signaling and disease pathologies. Biochemical Journal. ISSN 0264-6021. 478, p. 2101–2119. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20200867. Show summary

  3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) dependent protein kinase or protein kinase A (PKA) has served as a prototype for the large family of protein kinases that are crucially important for signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. The PKA catalytic subunits are encoded by the two major genes PRKACA and PRKACB, respectively. The PRKACA gene encodes two known splice variants, the ubiquitously expressed Cα1 and the sperm-specifically expressed Cα2. In contrast, the PRKACB gene encodes several splice variants expressed in a highly cell and tissue-specific manner. The Cβ proteins are called Cβ1, Cβ2, Cβ3, Cβ4 and so-called abc variants of Cβ3 and Cβ4. Whereas Cβ1 is ubiquitously expressed, Cβ2 is enriched in immune cells and the Cβ3, Cβ4 and their abc variants are solely expressed in neuronal cells. All Cα and Cβ splice variants share a kinase-conserved catalytic core and a C-terminal tail encoded by exons 2 through 10 in the PRKACA and PRKACB genes, respectively. All Cα and Cβ splice variants with the exception of Cα1 and Cβ1 are hyper-variable at the N-terminus. Here, we will discuss how the PRKACA and PRKACB genes have developed as paralogs that encode distinct and functionally non-redundant proteins. The fact that Cα and Cβ splice variant mutations are associated with numerous diseases further opens new windows for PKA-induced disease pathologies.

• Wik, Jonas Aakre; Phung, Danh; Kolan, Shrikant; Haraldsen, Guttorm; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Hol Fosse, Johanna (2021). Inflammatory activation of endothelial cells increases glycolysis and oxygen consumption despite inhibiting cell proliferation. FEBS Open Bio. ISSN 2211-5463. 11(6), p. 1719–1730. doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.13174. Full text in Research Archive
• Wendel, Kristina; Pfeiffer, Helle Cecilie; Fugelseth, Drude; Nestaas, Eirik; Domellöf, Magnus & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 42 contributors for this article] (2021). Effects of nutrition therapy on growth, inflammation and metabolism in immature infants: a study protocol of a double-blind randomized controlled trial (ImNuT). BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02425-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Current nutritional management of infants born very preterm results in significant deficiency of the essential fatty acids (FAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The impact of this deficit on brain maturation and inflammation mediated neonatal morbidities are unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether early supply of ARA and DHA improves brain maturation and neonatal outcomes in infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. Methods: Infants born at Oslo University Hospital are eligible to participate in this double-blind randomized controlled trial. Study participants are randomized to receive an enteral FA supplement of either 0.4 ml/kg MCT-oil™ (medium chain triglycerides) or 0.4 ml/kg Formulaid™ (100 mg/kg of ARA and 50 mg/kg of DHA). The FA supplement is given from the second day of life to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). The primary outcome is brain maturation assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at term equivalent age. Secondary outcomes include quality of growth, incidence of neonatal morbidities, cardiovascular health and neuro-development. Target sample size is 120 infants (60 per group), this will provide 80% power to detect a 0.04 difference in mean diffusivity (MD, mm2/sec) in major white matter tracts on MRI. Discussion: Supplementation of ARA and DHA has the potential to improve brain maturation and reduce inflammation related diseases. This study is expected to provide valuable information for future nutritional guidelines for preterm infants. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03555019 . Registered 4 October 2018- Retrospectively registered.

• Dahl, Marius; Areta, José; Jeppesen, Per Bendix; Birk, Jesper B.; Johansen, Egil Ivar & Ingemann-Hansen, Thorsten [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Coingestion of protein and carbohydrate in the early recovery phase, compared with carbohydrate only, improves endurance performance despite similar glycogen degradation and AMPK phosphorylation. Journal of applied physiology. ISSN 8750-7587. 129(2), p. 297–310. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00817.2019. Full text in Research Archive
• Kolan, Shrikant Shantilal; Li, Gaoyang; Wik, Jonas Aakre; Malachin, Giulia; Guo, Shuai & Kolan, Pratibha [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Cellular metabolism dictates T cell effector function in health and disease. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0300-9475. 92(5). doi: 10.1111/sji.12956.
• Wik, Jonas Aakre; Lundbäck, Peter; La Cour Poulsen, Lars; Haraldsen, Guttorm; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Hol, Johanna (2020). 3PO inhibits inflammatory NFκB and stress-activated kinase signaling in primary human endothelial cells independently of its target PFKFB3. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15:e0229395(3), p. 1–18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229395. Full text in Research Archive
• Palencia-Campos, Adrian; Aoto, Phillip C.; Machal, Erik M.F.; Rivera-Barahona, Ana; Soto-Bielicka, Patricia & Bertinetti, Daniela [Show all 42 contributors for this article] (2020). Germline and mosaic variants in PRKACA and PRKACB cause a multiple congenital malformation syndrome. American Journal of Human Genetics. ISSN 0002-9297. 107(5), p. 977–988. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.005.
• Kolan, Shrikant Shantilal; Li, Gaoyang; Wik, Jonas Aakre; Malachin, Giulia; Guo, Shuai & Kolan, Pratibha [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Cellular metabolism dictates T cell effector function in health and disease. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0300-9475. 92(5). doi: 10.1111/sji.12956. Full text in Research Archive
• Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova (2019). High Dose of Dietary Nicotinamide Riboside Induces Glucose Intolerance and White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Mice Fed a Mildly Obesogenic Diet. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. doi: 10.3390/nu11102439. Full text in Research Archive
• Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova (2019). Transcriptional Response of White Adipose Tissueto Withdrawal of Vitamin B3. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 63. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201801100. Full text in Research Archive
• Volchenkov, Roman; Matthews, Jason; Zucknick, Manuela & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen (2019). Shared epitope is associated with the reactivity of Th17 cells to cigarette smoke extract regardless of smoking history. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. ISSN 1672-7681. 16(7), p. 674–675. doi: 10.1038/s41423-019-0230-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Holm, Halvor (2018). Kollagen som vidunderkur mot underernæring,rynker og leddplager – myte eller virkelighet? Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. p. 22–26.
• Sollie, Ove; Jeppesen, Per Bendix; Tangen, Daniel S.; Jernerén, Fredrik; Nellemann, Birgitte & Valsdottir, Thorhildur [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Protein intake in the early recovery period after exhaustive exercise improves performance the following day. Journal of applied physiology. ISSN 8750-7587. 125(6), p. 1731–1742. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01132.2017. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of protein and carbohydrate ingestion during early recovery from exhaustive exercise on performance after 18-h recovery. Eight elite cyclists (V̇o2max: 74.0 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed two exercise and diet interventions in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design. Participants cycled first at 73% of V̇o2max (W73%) followed by 1-min intervals at 90% of V̇o2max until exhaustion. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either 1.2 g carbohydrate·kg−1·h−1 (CHO) or 0.8 g carbohydrate + 0.4 g protein·kg−1·h−1 (CHO + PROT). The diet during the remaining recovery period was similar for both interventions and adjusted to body weight. After an 18-h recovery, cycling performance was assessed with a 10-s sprint test, 30 min of cycling at W73%, and a cycling time trial (TT). The TT was 8.5% faster (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min; P < 0.03) after CHO + PROT compared with CHO. Mean power output during the sprints was 3.7% higher in CHO + PROT compared with CHO (1,063 ± 54 vs. 1,026 ± 53 W; P = 0.01). Nitrogen balance in the recovery period was negative in CHO and neutral in CHO + PROT (−82.4 ± 11.5 vs. 7.0 ± 15.4 mg/kg; P < 0.01). In conclusion, TT and sprint performances were improved 18 h after exhaustive cycling by CHO + PROT supplementation during the first 2 h of recovery compared with isoenergetic CHO supplementation. Our results indicate that intake of carbohydrate plus protein after exhaustive endurance exercise more rapidly converts the body from a catabolic to an anabolic state than carbohydrate alone, thus speeding recovery and improving subsequent cycling performance.

• Søberg, Kristoffer & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen (2018). The molecular basis for specificity at the level of the protein kinase a catalytic subunit. Frontiers in Endocrinology. ISSN 1664-2392. 9(538), p. 1–22. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00538. Full text in Research Archive
• Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Norheim, Frode; Gulseth, Hanne Løvdal; Langleite, Torgrim Mikal; Aker, Andreas Helge Mikael & Gundersen, Thomas Erik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Skeletal muscle phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine respond to exercise and influence insulin sensitivity in men. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 8:6531, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24976-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Sæther, Thomas; Paulsen, Steinar M; Tungen, Jørn Eivind; Vik, Anders; Aursnes, Marius & Holen, Torgeir [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Synthesis and biological evaluations of marine oxohexadecenoic acids: PPARα/γ dual agonism and anti-diabetic target gene effects. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. ISSN 0223-5234. 155, p. 736–753. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.034. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Obesity and associated disorders such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have reached epidemic proportions. Several natural products have been reported as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonists, functioning as lead compounds towards developing new anti-diabetic drugs due to adverse side effects of existing PPAR drugs. We recently isolated and identified (7E)-9-oxohexadec-7-enoic acid (1) and (10E)-9-oxohexadec-10-enoic acid (2) from the marine algae Chaetoceros karianus. Herein we report the total synthesis, pharmacological characterization, and biological evaluations of these naturally occurring oxo-fatty acids (oFAs). The syntheses of 1 and 2 afforded sufficient material for extensive biological evaluations. Both oFAs show an appreciable dose-dependent activation of PPARα and -γ, with EC50 values in the micromolar range, and an ability to regulate important PPAR target genes in hepatocytes and adipocytes. Moreover, both 1 and 2 are able to drive adipogenesis when evaluated in the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocyte cell model, but with lowered expression of adipocyte markers and reduced lipid accumulation compared to the drug rosiglitazone. This seems to be caused by a transient upregulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα expression. Importantly, whole transcriptome analysis shows that both compounds induce anti-diabetic gene programs in adipocytes by upregulating insulin-sensitizing adipokines and repressing pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• Moen, Line Victoria; Sener, Zeynep; Volchenkov, Roman; Larsen, Anja C V; Eriksen, Aud Marit & Holen, Halvor [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Ablation of the C?2 subunit of PKA in immune cells leads to increased susceptibility to systemic inflammation in mice. European Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0014-2980. 47(11), p. 1880–1889. doi: 10.1002/eji.201646809.
• Pourteymour, Shirin; Hjorth, Marit; Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Holen, Torgeir; Langleite, Torgrim Mikal & Jensen, Jørgen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Dual specificity phosphatase 5 and 6 are oppositely regulated in human skeletal muscle by acute exercise. Physiological Reports. ISSN 2051-817X. 5:e13459(19), p. 1–14. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13459. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Kristoffer; Moen, Line Victoria; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Lærdahl, Jon Kristen (2017). Evolution of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunit isoforms. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 12(7). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181091. Full text in Research Archive
• Stakkestad, Øystein; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter; Thiede, Bernd; Vondrasesek, Jiri; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Reseland, Janne Elin (2017). Phosphorylation Modulates Ameloblastin Self-assembly and Ca2+ Binding. Frontiers in Physiology. ISSN 1664-042X. 8. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00531. Full text in Research Archive

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• Jez, Joseph & Dalen, Knut Tomas (2021). Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry III (Third Edition). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-822040-5. 500 p.
• Five, May-Britt & Rasmussen, Marit (2021). Hvem er du? - en røff guide til genenes verden. Spartacus. ISBN 9788243013209. 170 p.
• Hjartåker, Anette; Pedersen, Jan Ivar; Müller, Hanne & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2017). Grunnleggende ernæringslære. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag A/S. ISBN 9788205496934. 475 p. Show summary

  Grunnleggende ernæringslære er en basisbok om menneskets ernæring og kostens betydning for god helse.Det er lagt særlig vekt på betydningen av samspillet mellom kosthold og fysisk aktivitet for god helse. Teksten i denne tredje utgaven er oppdatert på sentrale områder i henhold til nyere forskningslitteratur. Boka er spesielt tilpasset norske forhold.Den henvender seg til en bred gruppe av studenter i universitets- og høyskolesektoren, blant annet innenfor medisin, ernæring, idrettsfag og fysioterapi og andre studentkategorier innenfor forebyggende og helsefremmende fagområder.Boka gir også et godt grunnlag for videre studier innenfor mer spesialiserte, tilgrensende områder som klinisk ernæring, samfunnsernæring og næringsmiddelteknologi.

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• Steffensen, Inger-Lise Karin; Bodin, Johanna Eva; Dalen, Knut Tomas; Mangschou, Bente; Aakre, Inger & Andersen, Lene Frost [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2024). Risk assessment of quercetin dihydrate and rutin in food supplements – “Other substances”. VKM Bulletin. ISSN 2704-1689. 2024(9), p. 1–149. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Det er trygt å bruke flavonoidene quercetin eller rutin i bestemte i kosttilskudd, ifølge Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø (VKM). Det er hovedbudskapet i en risikovurdering utført på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet. I rapporten ble det konkludert at det er trygt å bruke quercetin eller rutin i kosttilskudd i daglige doser på 5 mg rutin for barn fra fireårsalderen, daglige doser på 25 mg rutin for voksne og 500 mg quercetin dihydrat for voksne i hvert fall opp til tre måneder. VKM har vurdert risiko for helseskadelige effekter ved daglig inntak av kosttilskudd med 25 mg rutin eller 500 mg quercetin dihydrat for voksne fra 18 år og eldre, og 5 mg rutin for barn fra fireårsalderen. Quercetin og rutin er flavonoider. Disse finnes naturlig i planter og inngår i kosten, særlig i frukt, grønnsaker og te. Mange flavonoider fra mat og drikke tas i liten grad opp i kroppen. Risikovurderingen er basert på informasjon fra en systematisk kunnskapsoppsummering av 23 randomiserte kontrollerte studier (studier hvor man undersøker effekten av en behandling ved å fordele deltagere tilfeldig i behandlings- og kontrollgruppe(r). Disse studiene omfattet voksne mennesker. I tillegg er det brukt kunnskap om hvordan stoffene håndteres i kroppen og noen dyrestudier i vurderingen. Studiene hadde undersøkt, men funnet få, og lite alvorlige, skadelige helseeffekter. Den lengste studien varte i 10 måneder. Konklusjonen for barna er basert på studiene av voksne og én studie spesifikk av barn. På grunn av mangel på tilstrekkelige data om gravide kvinner og fostre, og mangel på data om ammende kvinner og deres spedbarn, samt om barn generelt, er det ikke kjent om disse gruppene potensielt kan være mer sårbare for disse stoffene enn voksne. Studiene i mennesker undersøkte hovedsakelig positive effekter av quercetin og rutin for en rekke ulike tilstander og sykdommer. Mulige helseskadelige effekter ble dokumentert og undersøkt i varierende grad, og svært få og lite alvorlige skadelige effekter ble observert. Resultatene understøttes også av dyrestudiene. Ettersom de fleste studiene med quercetin og rutin ikke undersøkte bruk av stoffene i mer enn tre måneder, er lengre tids inntak mer usikkert, selv om noen få studier heller ikke fant skadelige effekter etter bruk i seks til ti måneder, sier Inger-Lise Steffensen, faglig leder av arbeidet. VKM har ikke beregnet bidrag fra andre kilder til rutin eller quercetin som mat, og har heller ikke vurdert bruk av stoffene til behandling av ulike tilstander og sykdommer. Noe data kan tyde på at personer med kronisk nyresykdom eller østrogen-avhengig kreft kanskje kan være sårbare for skadelige effekter av quercetin. Studier i mennesker og dyr har vist at quercetin kan påvirke opptaket av ulike medikamenter i kroppen, og kan påvirke enzymer som omdanner medikamenter. Om quercetin og rutin Quercetin og rutin inngår i gruppen “andre stoffer”. Dette er stoffer med ernæringsmessig eller fysiologisk effekt, og som ikke er vitaminer eller mineraler. Risikovurderingen er godkjent av VKMs faggruppe for ernæring, dietetiske produkter, ny mat og allergi.

• Clauss, Matthieu; Burkhardt, Meike; Wöber, Sophie; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Jensen, Jørgen (2024). Corrigendum: Effect of five hours of mixed exercise on urinary nitrogen excretion in healthy moderate-to-well-trained young adults, (Front. Nutr, (2024), 11, (1345922), 10.3389/fnut.2024.1345922). Frontiers in Nutrition. ISSN 2296-861X. 11. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1406641.
• Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen (2024). Nutrition and Pancreatic Cancer.. Food Matters.
• Rundblad, Amanda; Das, Siddhartha; Matthews, Jason; Ginos, Gina; Kavousi, Maryam & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Air pollution, built environment and associations with gene expression and CVD risk markers in adults.
• Rundblad, Amanda; Hansen, Anna Lena; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Melnes, Torunn; Ottestad, Inger Olaug & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have shorter telomeres than controls in older, but not in young subjects: a cross-sectional study.
• Guo, Shuai; Kolan, Shrikant Shantilal; Li, Gaoyang; Hammarstrøm, Clara L; Aure, Miriam Ragle & Stuhr, Linda Elin Birkhaug [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Ablation of PKA-Cβ2 subunit in mice curtails progression of breast adenocarcinoma and turns "cold" tumor "hot" .
• Stålberg, Stina Margrethe; Silwat-Pandit, Laxmi; Hamfjord, Julian; Nebdal, Daniel JH; Lehtiö, Janne & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Elevated protein expression levels of KRAS in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are associated with better prognosis.
• Bodin, Johanna Eva; Aakre, Inger; Alexander, Jan; Mangschou, Bente; Parr, Christine Louise & Andersen, Lene Frost [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Risk assessment of hyaluronic acid in food supplements . VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 13, p. 1–70. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high-molecular-mass polysaccharide, that is endogenously produced and present in connective tissue, synovial fluid, intraoccular fluid, and skin. The basic unit of the HA polymer consists of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority has requested VKM to evaluate the risk of adverse effects related to daily intake of food supplements with 150 mg, 120 mg, 64 mg, and 48 mg HA. Exposure from other sources of HA (food, cosmetics, and different medical applications) is not estimated.

• Five, May-Britt & Rasmussen, Marit (2023). Oppskriften på deg.
• Rasmussen, Marit (2023). Oppskriften på deg.
• Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Li, Yuchuan; Khanal, Prabhat & Dalen, Knut Tomas (2022). Perilipin 2 regulates hepatic lipid content and lipid droplet size during fasting .
• Hjorth, Marit; Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Norheim, Frode Amador; Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Sæther, Thomas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Consumption of salmon fishmeal increases hepatic cholesterol content in obese C57BL/6J mice .
• Dalen, Knut Tomas (2022). Perilipins and regulation of intracellular lipid droplets.
• Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Norheim, Frode Amador; Langleite, Torgrim Mikal; Gulseth, Hanne Løvdal; Birkeland, Kåre Inge & Drevon, Christian A (2022). Correction to: Effects of long-term exercise on plasma adipokine levels and inflammation-related gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in sedentary dysglycaemic, overweight men and sedentary normoglycaemic men of healthy weight (Diabetologia, (2019), 62, 6, (1048-1064), 10.1007/s00125-019-4866-5). Diabetologia. ISSN 0012-186X. doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05841-z.
• Dalen, Knut Tomas & Kimmel, Alan R (2021). Lipids | Adipocyte Fat Mobilization: Regulatory Functions Involving Perilipin 1, Adipose Triglyceride Lipase, and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase, Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry III (Third Edition). Elsevier. ISSN 978-0-12-822040-5. p. 492–500. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819460-7.00337-6.
• Lervaag Welland, Natasha; Hæstad, Helge; Fossmo, Hanne Ludt; Giltvedt, Kaja; Ørstavik, Kristin & Nordstrøm, Marianne (2021). The Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity as Trigger Factors of Paralytic Attacks in Primary Periodic Paralysis. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases. ISSN 2214-3599. doi: 10.3233/JND-200604.
• Silwal-Pandit, Laxmi; Stålberg, Stina Margrethe; Mermelekas, G; Lothe, Inger Marie Bowitz; Skrede, Martina Landschoof & Dalsgaard, Astrid M. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). Proteomic Landscape of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
• Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Norheim, Frode Amador; Gulseth, Hanne Løvdal; Langleite, Torgrim Mikal; Aker, Andreas Helge Mikael & Gundersen, Thomas Erik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Author Correction: Skeletal muscle phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine respond to exercise and influence insulin sensitivity in men. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 8(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26061-9.
• Tofte, Ingrid & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen (2018). Cancer cachexia; a risk factor for increased mortality and morbidity in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer? Celgene Newsletter. p. 10–10.
• Søberg, Kristoffer; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Jahnsen, Tore (2017). On the evolution and function of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A (PKA). Universitetet i Oslo.
• Haugen, Margaretha; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Henjum, Sigrun; Holvik, Kristin & Løvik, Martinus [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Assessment of vitamin B6 intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-260-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Haugen, Margaretha; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Henjum, Sigrun; Holvik, Kristin & Løvik, Martinus [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Assessment of vitamin E intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-521-8526-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Strand, Tor A; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun & Holvik, Kristin [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Assessment of iron intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-262-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Strand, Tor A; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun & Holvik, Kristin [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Assessment of zinc intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-263-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Løvik, Martinus; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun; Holvik, Kristin & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Risk assessment of "other substances" – L-threonine. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-267-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Henjum, Sigrun; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Holvik, Kristin; Løvik, Martinus & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Risk assessment of "other substances" – L-aspartic acid. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-268-0. Full text in Research Archive

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