Anne Negård

• Ree, Anne Hansen; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Hamre, Hanne Mari; Kersten, Christian; Hofsli, Eva & Guren, Marianne [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2024). First-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and nivolumab for metastatic microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer—the randomised METIMMOX trial. British Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0007-0920. doi: 10.1038/s41416-024-02696-6.
• Banitalebi, Hasan; Hermansen, Erland; Hellum, Christian; Espeland, Ansgar; Storheim, Kjersti & Myklebust, Tor Åge [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2024). Preoperative fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles assessed by MRI is associated with less improvement of leg pain 2 years after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. European spine journal. ISSN 0940-6719. doi: 10.1007/s00586-024-08210-z. Show summary

  Abstract Purpose Fatty infiltration (FI) of the paraspinal muscles may associate with pain and surgical complications in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). We evaluated the prognostic influence of MRI-assessed paraspinal muscles’ FI on pain or disability 2 years after surgery for LSS. Methods A muscle fat index (MFI) was calculated (by dividing signal intensity of psoas to multifidus and erector spinae) on preoperative axial T2-weighted MRI of patients with LSS. Pain and disability 2 years after surgery were assessed using the Oswestry disability index, the Zurich claudication questionnaire and numeric rating scales for leg and back pain. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses (adjusted for preoperative outcome scores, age, body mass index, sex, smoking status, grade of spinal stenosis, disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis) were used to assess the associations between MFI and patient-reported clinical outcomes. In the logistic regression models, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for associations between the MFI and ≥ 30% improvement of the outcomes (dichotomised into yes/no). Results A total of 243 patients were evaluated (mean age 66.6 ± 8.5 years), 49% females (119). Preoperative MFI and postoperative leg pain were significantly associated, both with leg pain as continuous (coefficient − 3.20, 95% CI − 5.61, − 0.80) and dichotomised (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.17, 1.95) scores. Associations between the MFI and the other outcome measures were not statistically significant. Conclusion Preoperative FI of the paraspinal muscles on MRI showed statistically significant association with postoperative NRS leg pain but not with ODI or ZCQ.

• Knuth, Franziska; Tohidinezhad, Fariba; Winter, Rene Mario; Bakke, Kine Mari; Negård, Anne & Holmedal, Stein Harald [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Quantitative MRI-based radiomics analysis identifies blood flow feature associated to overall survival for rectal cancer patients. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 14(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50966-9.
• Bakke, Kine Mari; Meltzer, Sebastian; Grøvik, Endre; Negård, Anne; Holmedal, Stein Harald & Mikalsen, Lars Tore Gyland [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2023). Imaging the tumour microenvironment in rectal cancer: Decline in tumour blood flow during radiotherapy predicts good outcome. Physics and imaging in radiation oncology (PIRO). ISSN 2405-6316. 25, p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.phro.2023.100417. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and purpose Measuring rectal tumour response to radiation is pivotal to restaging patients and for possibly stratification to a watch-and-wait strategy. Recognizing the importance of the tumour microenvironment, we investigated a less explored quantitative imaging marker assessing tumour blood flow (BF) for its potential to predict overall survival (OS). Materials and methods 24 rectal cancer patients given curative-intent neoadjuvant radiotherapy underwent a multi-echo dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence with gadolinium contrast for quantification of tumour BF before either 25x2 Gy (n = 18) with concomitant chemotherapy or 5x5 Gy (n = 6). CD34 staining of excised tumour tissue was performed and baseline blood samples were analysed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2). Tumour volumes were measured before and after treatment. After subsequent surgery, ypTN scoring assessed tumour response. Cox regression for 5-year OS analysis and t-test for group comparisons were performed. Results The change in tumour BF (ΔBF) during neoadjuvant radiotherapy was a significant marker of OS, whereas tumour stage and volume were not related to OS. All patients with >20 % decline in BF were long-term survivors. Separating cases in two groups based on ΔBF revealed that patients with increase or a low decrease had higher baseline LDH (p = 0.032) and ANGPT-2 (p = 0.028) levels. Conclusion MRI-assessed tumour ΔBF during neoadjuvant treatment is a significant predictor of OS in rectal cancer patients, making ΔBF a potential quantitative imaging biomarker for treatment stratification. Blood LDH and ANGPT-2 indicate that non-responding tumours may have a hypoxic microenvironment resistant to radiotherapy.

• Borgbjerg, Jens; Larsen, Nils Eldbrønd; Salte, Ivar Mjåland; Grønli, Niklas Revold; Klæstrup, Elise & Negård, Anne (2022). Radiation dose in CT-based active surveillance of small renal masses may be reduced by 75%: A retrospective exploratory multiobserver study. Research in Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. ISSN 2772-6525. doi: 10.1016/j.redii.2022.100019. Full text in Research Archive
• Singh, Yashbir; Jons, William A.; Eaton, John E.; Vesterhus, Mette Nåmdal; Karlsen, Tom Hemming & Bjørk, Ida Torunn [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2022). Algebraic topology-based machine learning using MRI predicts outcomes in primary sclerosing cholangitis. European Radiology Experimental. 6. doi: 10.1186/s41747-022-00312-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Meltzer, Sebastian; Negård, Anne; Bakke, Kine Mari; Hamre, Hanne Mari; Kersten, Christian & Hofsli, Eva [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Early radiologic signal of responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite-stable/mismatch repair-proficient metastatic colorectal cancer. British Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0007-0920. 127, p. 2227–2233. doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-02004-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Banitalebi, Hasan; Aaen, Jørn Ståle; Storheim, Kjersti; Negård, Anne; Myklebust, Tor Åge & Grotle, Margreth [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). A novel MRI index for paraspinal muscle fatty infiltration: reliability and relation to pain and disability in lumbar spinal stenosis: results from a multicentre study. European Radiology Experimental. 6, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s41747-022-00284-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles may play a role in pain and disability in lumbar spinal stenosis. We assessed the reliability and association with clinical symptoms of a method for assessing fatty infiltration, a simplified muscle fat index (MFI). Methods Preoperative axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 243 patients aged 66.6 ± 8.5 years (mean ± standard deviation), 119 females (49%), with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis were assessed. Fatty infiltration was assessed using both the MFI and the Goutallier classification system (GCS). The MFI was calculated as the signal intensity of the psoas muscle divided by that of the multifidus and erector spinae. Observer reliability was assessed in 102 consecutive patients for three independent investigators by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for continuous variables and Gwet’s agreement coefficient (AC1) for categorical variables. Associations with patient-reported pain and disability were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results Interobserver reliability was good for the MFI (ICC 0.79) and fair for the GCS (AC1 0.33). Intraobserver reliability was good or excellent for the MFI (ICC range 0.86–0.91) and moderate to almost perfect for the GCS (AC1 range 0.55–0.92). Mean interobserver differences of MFI measurements ranged from -0.09 to -0.04 (LoA -0.32 to 0.18). Adjusted for potential confounders, none of the disability or pain parameters was significantly associated with MFI or GCS. Conclusion The proposed MFI demonstrated high observer reliability but was not associated with preoperative pain or disability.

• Knuth, Franziska Hanna; Grøndahl, Aurora Rosvoll; Winter, René; Torheim, Turid Katrine Gjerstad; Negård, Anne & Holmedal, Stein Harald [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Semi-automatic tumor segmentation of rectal cancer based on functional magnetic resonance imaging. Physics and imaging in radiation oncology (PIRO). ISSN 2405-6316. 22, p. 77–84. doi: 10.1016/j.phro.2022.05.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Banitalebi, Hasan; Espeland, Ansgar; Anvar, Masoud D; Hermansen, Erland; Hellum, Christian & Brox, Jens Ivar [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Reliability of preoperative MRI findings in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 23(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04949-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important tool in preoperative evaluation of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Reported reliability of various MRI findings in LSS varies from fair to excellent. There are inconsistencies in the evaluated parameters and the methodology of the studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the preoperative MRI findings in patients with LSS between musculoskeletal radiologists and orthopaedic spine surgeons, using established evaluation methods and imaging data from a prospective trial. Methods Consecutive lumbar MRI examinations of candidates for surgical treatment of LSS from the Norwegian Spinal Stenosis and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis (NORDSTEN) study were independently evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists and two orthopaedic spine surgeons. The observers had a range of experience between six and 13 years and rated five categorical parameters (foraminal and central canal stenosis, facet joint osteoarthritis, redundant nerve roots and intraspinal synovial cysts) and one continuous parameter (dural sac cross-sectional area). All parameters were re-rated after 6 weeks by all the observers. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was assessed by Gwet’s agreement coefficient (AC1) for categorical parameters and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the dural sac cross-sectional area. Results MRI examinations of 102 patients (mean age 66 ± 8 years, 53 men) were evaluated. The overall interobserver agreement was substantial or almost perfect for all categorical parameters (AC1 range 0.67 to 0.98), except for facet joint osteoarthritis, where the agreement was moderate (AC1 0.39). For the dural sac cross-sectional area, the overall interobserver agreement was good or excellent (ICC range 0.86 to 0.96). The intraobserver agreement was substantial or almost perfect/ excellent for all parameters (AC1 range 0.63 to 1.0 and ICC range 0.93 to 1.0). Conclusions There is high inter- and intraobserver agreement between radiologists and spine surgeons for preoperative MRI findings of LSS. However, the interobserver agreement is not optimal for evaluation of facet joint osteoarthritis.

• Knuth, Franziska Hanna; Adde, Ingvild Askim; Huynh, Bao Ngoc; Grøndahl, Aurora Rosvoll; Winter, René & Negård, Anne [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). MRI-based automatic segmentation of rectal cancer using 2D U-Net on two independent cohorts. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 61(2), p. 255–263. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2021.2013530. Full text in Research Archive
• Meltzer, Sebastian; Kristensen, Annette Torgunrud; Abrahamsson, Hanna Josefine; Solbakken, Arne Mide; Flatmark, Kjersti & Dueland, Svein [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). The circulating soluble form of the CD40 costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor and liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer. British Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0007-0920. 125, p. 240–246. doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01377-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakke, Kine Mari; Meltzer, Sebastian; Grøvik, Endre; Negård, Anne; Holmedal, Stein Harald & Gjesdal, Kjell-Inge [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Sex differences and tumor blood flow from dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI are associated with treatment response after chemoradiation and long-term survival in rectal cancer. Radiology. ISSN 0033-8419. 297(2), p. 352–360. doi: 10.1148/RADIOL.2020200287. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sex differences, tumor vascularity, and blood flow seen on multiecho dynamic contrast–based MRI scans enabled prediction of treatment response and overall survival in patients with rectal cancer. Background: MRI is the standard tool for rectal cancer staging. However, more precise diagnostic tests that can assess biologic tumor features decisive for treatment outcome are necessary. Tumor perfusion and hypoxia are two important features; however, no reference methods that measure these exist in clinical use. Purpose: To assess the potential predictive and prognostic value of MRI-assessed rectal cancer perfusion, as a surrogate measure of hypoxia, for local treatment response and survival. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, 94 study participants were enrolled from October 2013 to December 2017 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01816607). Participants had histologically confirmed rectal cancer and underwent routine diagnostic MRI, an extended diffusion-weighted sequence, and a multiecho dynamic contrast agent–based sequence. Predictive and prognostic values of dynamic contrast-enhanced, dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), and intravoxel incoherent motion MRI were investigated with response to neoadjuvant treatment, progression-free survival, and overall survival as end points. Secondary objectives investigated potential sex differences in MRI parameters and relationship with lymph node stage. Statistical methods used were Cox regression, Student t test, and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: A total of 94 study participants (mean age, 64 years ± 11 [standard deviation]; 61 men) were evaluated. Baseline tumor blood flow from DSC MRI was lower in patients who had poor local tumor response to neoadjuvant treatment (96 mL/min/100 g ± 33 for ypT2–4, 120 mL/min/100 g ± 21 for ypT0–1; P = .01), shorter progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 0.98; P < .001), and shorter overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 0.99; P < .001). Women had higher blood flow (125 mL/min/100 g ± 27) than men (74 mL/min/100 g ± 26, P < .001) at stage 4. Volume transfer constant and plasma volume from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as well as ΔR2* peak and area under the curve for 30 and 60 seconds from DSC MRI were associated with local malignant lymph nodes (pN status). Median area under the curve for 30 seconds was 0.09 arbitrary units (au) ± 0.03 for pN1–2 and 0.19 au ± 0.12 for pN0 (P = .001). Conclusion:Low tumor blood flow from dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI was associated with poor treatment response in study participants with rectal cancer.

• Ree, Anne Hansen; Nygaard, Vigdis; Pedersen, Kjetil Boye; Heinrich, Daniel; Dueland, Svein & Bergheim, Inger Riise [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2020). Molecularly matched therapy in the context of sensitivity, resistance, and safety; patient outcomes in end-stage cancer?the MetAction study. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2020.1742377. Full text in Research Archive
• Meltzer, Sebastian; Bakke, Kine Mari; Rød, Karina Lund; Negård, Anne; Flatmark, Kjersti & Solbakken, Arne Mide [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2019). Sex-related differences in primary metastatic site in rectal cancer; associated with hemodynamic factors? Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology. ISSN 2405-6308. 21, p. 5–10. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.11.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Ree, Anne Hansen; Nygaard, Vigdis; Russnes, Hege Elisabeth Giercksky; Heinrich, Daniel; Nygaard, Vegard & Johansen, Christin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2019). Responsiveness to PD-1 Blockade in End-Stage Colon Cancer with Gene Locus 9p24.1 Copy-Number Gain. Cancer immunology research. ISSN 2326-6066. 7(5), p. 701–706. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0777. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakke, Kine Mari; Grøvik, Endre; Meltzer, Sebastian; Negård, Anne; Holmedal, Stein Harald & Mikalsen, Lars Tore G [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). Comparison of Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging and multiecho dynamic contrast-based MRI in rectal cancer. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ISSN 1053-1807. 50(4), p. 1114–1124. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26740. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Dynamic contrast‐based MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) MRI are both methods showing promise as diagnostic and prognostic tools in rectal cancer. Both methods aim at measuring perfusion‐related parameters, but the relationship between them is unclear. Purpose To investigate the relationship between perfusion‐ and permeability‐related parameters obtained by IVIM‐MRI, T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI and T2*‐weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI. Study Type Prospective. Subjects In all, 94 patients with histologically confirmed rectal cancer. Field Strength/Sequence Subjects underwent pretreatment 1.5T clinical procedure MRI, and in addition a study‐specific diffusion‐weighted sequence (b = 0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1300 s/mm2) and a multiecho dynamic contrast‐based echo‐planer imaging sequence. Assessment Median tumor values were obtained from IVIM (perfusion fraction [f], pseudodiffusion [D*], diffusion [D]), from the extended Tofts model applied to DCE data (Ktrans, kep, vp, ve) and from model free deconvolution of DSC (blood flow [BF] and area under curve). A subgroup of the excised tumors underwent immunohistochemistry with quantification of microvessel density and vessel size. Statistical Test Spearman's rank correlation test. Results D* was correlated with BF (rs = 0.47, P < 0.001), and f was negatively correlated with kep (rs = –0.31, P = 0.002). BF was correlated with Ktrans (rs = 0.29, P = 0.004), but this correlation varied extensively when separating tumors into groups of low (rs = 0.62, P < 0.001) and high (rs = –0.06, P = 0.68) BF. Ktrans was negatively correlated with vessel size (rs = –0.82, P = 0.004) in the subgroup of tumors with high BF. Data Conclusion We found an association between D* from IVIM and BF estimated from DSC‐MRI. The relationship between IVIM and DCE‐MRI was less clear. Comparing parameters from DSC‐MRI and DCE‐MRI highlights the importance of the underlying biology for the interpretation of these parameters. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

• Lunder, Aida Kapic; Bakstad, Linda Tøften; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Borthne, Arne Sigmund; Hov, Johannes Espolin Roksund & Vatn, Morten H [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Assessment of Bowel Inflammation and Strictures by Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Long-term Crohn´s Disease. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 13(5), p. 607–614. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy208.
• Willard, Christer-Daniel; Kjæstad, Erik; Stimec, Bojan; Edwin, Bjørn; Ignjatovic, Dejan & Øresland, Tom [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2018). Preoperative anatomical road mapping reduces variability of operating time, estimated blood loss, and lymph node yield in right colectomy with extended D3 mesenterectomy for cancer. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. ISSN 0179-1958. 34(1), p. 151–160. doi: 10.1007/s00384-018-3177-5.
• Sunde, Marie Louise; Negård, Anne; Øresland, Tom; Bakka, Njål; Geitung, Jonn Terje & Færden, Arne Engebreth (2018). MRI defecography of the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis?contributes little to the understanding of functional outcome. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. ISSN 0179-1958. 33(5), p. 609–617. doi: 10.1007/s00384-018-3011-0.
• Kapica, Aida; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Bakstad, Linda Tøften; Borthne, Arne Sigmund; Hov, Johannes Espolin Roksund & Vatn, Morten H [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Bowel Damage in Patients With Long-term Crohn's Disease, Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Enterography and the Lemann Index. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. ISSN 1542-3565. 16(1), p. 75–82.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.053.
• Ossum, Alvilde Maria; Palm, Øyvind; Kapica, Aida; Småstuen, Milada C; BANITALEBI, HASAN & Negård, Anne [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Ankylosing Spondylitis and Axial Spondyloarthritis in Patients With Long-term Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From 20 Years of Follow-up in the IBSEN Study. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 12(1), p. 96–104. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx126.
• Grøvik, Endre; Redalen, Kathrine Røe; Storås, Tryggve; Negard, Anne; Holmedal, Stein Harald & Ree, Anne Hansen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Dynamic multi-echo DCE- and DSC-MRI in rectal cancer: Low primary tumor Ktrans and ΔR2* peak are significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ISSN 1053-1807. 46(1), p. 194–206. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25566. Full text in Research Archive
• Kapica, Aida; Hov, Johannes Espolin Roksund; Borthne, Arne Sigmund; Gleditsch, Jostein; Johannesen, Glenn & Tveit, Knut [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2016). Prevalence of Sclerosing Cholangitis Detected by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography in Patients With Long-term Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology. ISSN 0016-5085. 151(4), p. 660–669. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.021.
• Torkzad, Michael R.; Masselli, Gabriele; Halligan, Steve; Oto, Aytek; Neubauer, Henning & Taylor, Stuart [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2015). Indications and selection of MR enterography vs. MR enteroclysis with emphasis on patients who need small bowel MRI and general anaesthesia: results of a survey. Insight into Imaging. ISSN 1869-4101. 6(3), p. 339–346. doi: 10.1007/s13244-015-0384-2.
• Stenset, Vidar Tveit Vasfaret; Hofoss, Dag; Johnsen, Lisbeth; Berstad, Audun Elnæs; Negård, Anne & Skinningsrud, Anders [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). White Matter Lesion Load Increases the Risk of Low CSF A beta 42 in Apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 Carriers Attending a Memory Clinic. Journal of Neuroimaging (JON). ISSN 1051-2284. 21(2), p. e78–e82. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00444.x.
• Negård, Anne; Løberg, Else Marit; Næss, Pål Aksel; Eriksen, Morten & Klow, Nils-Einar (2010). Feasibility of MRI in experimentally induced inflammatory small bowel disease: a pilot study in a porcine model. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. ISSN 0163-2116. 55(1), p. 14–20. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0707-y.
• Enden, Tone Rønnaug; Storås, Tryggve; Negård, Anne; HAIG, YLVA; Sandvik, Leiv & Gjesdal, Kjell-Inge [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Visualization of Deep Veins and Detection of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) With Balanced Turbo Field Echo (b-TFE) and Contrast-Enhanced T1 Fast Field Echo (CE-FFE) Using a Blood Pool Agent (BPA). Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ISSN 1053-1807. 31(2), p. 416–424. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22046. Show summary

  Purpose: To assess image quality, vessel visualization, preliminary diagnostic properties, and interobserver variability of a novel balanced turbo field echo (b-TFE) sequence and contrast-enhanced T1 fast field echo (CE-FFE) sequence with blood pool agent (BPA). Materials and Methods: A total of 15 healthy volunteers and six patients with ultrasound-verified proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were examined from the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the proximal calf veins. Results: The great majority of deep veins were completely visualized on both sequences. In healthy volunteers the IVC was completely visualized in five b-TFE and 11 CE-FFE scans, and partially in seven b-TFE and four CE-FFE scans (P = 0.008). Poorest image quality was in the pelvis. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was higher on b-TFE compared to CE-FFE, with significant difference in calf images (P = 0.036). Sensitivity was 100% for proximal DVT with both methods. Specificity was 70% (CE-FFE) and 80% (b-TFE) for proximal femoral DVT; 100% in distal femoral. Interobserver reliability was kappa 1.0 (b-TFE), 0.9 (CE-FFE) for proximal, and overall poor for distal DVT. Conclusion: Contrast-enhancement did not add valuable information in visualizing deep veins of the lower limbs compared to b-TFE, though the IVC was slightly better visualized. Diagnostic properties and interobserver reliability of both sequences were good for proximal DVT and poor for distal DVT.

• Negård, Anne; Løberg, Else Marit; Næss, Pål Aksel; Eriksen, Morten & Klow, Nils-Einar (2010). Feasibility of MRI in Experimentally Induced Inflammatory Small Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study in a Porcine Model. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. ISSN 0163-2116. 55(1), p. 14–20. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0707-y.
• Negård, Anne; Sandvik, Leiv; Berstad, AE; Paulsen, Vemund; Lygren, Idar & Borthne, Arne Sigmund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). MRI of the small bowel with oral contrast or nasojejunal intubation in Crohn's disease: randomized comparison of patient acceptance. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. p. 44–51.
• Negård, Anne; Paulsen, V; Sandvik, Leiv; Berstad, AE; Borthne, A & Try, K [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2007). A prospective randomized comparison between two MRI studies of the small bowel in Crohn's disease, the oral contrast method and MR enteroclysis. European Radiology. ISSN 0938-7994. 17, p. 2294–2301. doi: 10.1007/s00330-007-0648-4.
• Stenset, Vidar; Kocot, Darius; Negard, Anne; Gulbrandsen, Pål; Wallin, Anders & Fladby, Tormod (2006). Associations between white matter lesions, cerebrovascular risk factors and low CSF A ( beta)42. Neurology. ISSN 0028-3878.
• Negård, Anne; Storås, Tryggve; Borthne, A & Kløw, Nils-Einar (2005). Magnetic resonance imaging of the small bowel. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 125(22), p. 3094–3097.

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• Negard, Anne (2015). MR Enteroclysis in Crohns disease, Crohns disease-Current concepts. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 9783319019123. 10 p.

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• Banitalebi, Hasan; Hermansen, Erland; Hellum, Christian; Storheim, Kjersti; Espeland, Ansgar & Indrekvam, Kari [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Fatty Infiltration of the Paraspinal Muscles Is Associated with Postoperative Leg Pain in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Show summary

  Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of MRI-assessed preoperative fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles in postoperative pain or disability in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Methods Prospective imaging and clinical data from the NORwegian Degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal STENosis- spinal stenosis trial (NORDSTEN-SST) study were used. A musculoskeletal radiologist evaluated preoperative lumbar MRI examination of 300 patients with LSS scheduled for decompression surgery. Only axial T2-weighted images covering the paraspinal and the psoas muscles bilaterally were considered. Fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles was assessed by a muscle fat index (MFI). For this assessment, signal intensity of the multifidus and the erector spinae at the most stenotic level of lumbar spine was divided by the signal intensity of the psoas major muscle at the same level and side of spine. Pain and disability two years after surgery were assessed using patient-reported outcome measures including the Oswestry disability index (ODI, scores 0 to 100), the Zurich claudication questionnaire (ZCQ) for symptoms severity (scores 1 to 5) and function (scores 1 to 4), and numeric rating scales (NRSs) for leg and back pain (scores 1 to 10). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the MFI and the patient-reported clinical outcomes. In the logistic regression models, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for associations between the MFI and ≥ 30% improvement of the postoperative outcomes (dichotomised into yes or no). Results After excluding 57 patients because axial images did not cover the muscles bilaterally, images from 243 patients were evaluated. Mean age of the patients was 66.6 (±8.5) years and 119 were females (49%). Preoperative MFI and postoperative leg pain were significantly associated, both when leg pain was analysed as a continuous parameter (coefficient: -3.2, 95% CI: -5.6 to -0.8, p = 0.009) and dichotomised score (OR 62.8, 95% CI: 4.8 to 817.8, p = 0.002). These findings suggested that increased fatty infiltration in the paraspinal muscles is associated with higher risk of persistent leg pain after decompression surgery for LSS. The associations between the MFI and the other outcome measures were not statistically significant. Conclusion Increased preoperative fatty infiltration in the paraspinal muscles on MRI was associated with persistent leg pain two years after decompression surgery for LSS. This preoperative MRI finding may be useful as a prognostic factor in patients with LSS undergoing decompression surgery.

• Banitalebi, Hasan; Hermansen, Erland; Hellum, Christian; Storheim, Kjersti; Indrekvam, Kari & Espeland, Ansgar [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Association between preoperative fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles and persistent leg pain after surgery for LSS. Show summary

  Introduction: Fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles may have a role in clinical outcomes after decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles assessed by MRI in postoperative pain or disability in LSS. Materials and Methods: Prospective imaging and clinical data from the NORwegian Degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal STENosis- spinal stenosis trial (NORDSTEN-SST) study were used. A musculoskeletal radiologist evaluated preoperative lumbar MRI examination of 300 patients with LSS scheduled for decompression surgery. Only axial T2-weighted images covering the paraspinal and the psoas muscles bilaterally were considered. Fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles was assessed by a muscle fat index (MFI). For this assessment, signal intensity of the multifidus and the erector spinae at the most stenotic level of lumbar spine was divided by the signal intensity of the psoas major muscle at the same level and side of spine. Pain and disability two years after surgery were assessed using patient-reported outcome measures including the Oswestry disability index (ODI, scores 0 to 100), the Zurich claudication questionnaire (ZCQ) for symptoms severity (scores 1 to 5) and function (scores 1 to 4), and numeric rating scales (NRSs) for leg and back pain (scores 1 to 10). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the MFI and the patient-reported clinical outcomes. In the logistic regression models, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for associations between the MFI and ≥ 30% improvement of the postoperative outcomes (dichotomised into yes or no). Results: After excluding 57 patients because axial images did not cover the muscles bilaterally, images from 243 patients were evaluated. Mean age of the patients was 66.6 (±8.5) years and 119 were females (49%). Preoperative MFI and postoperative leg pain were significantly associated, both when leg pain was analysed as a continuous parameter (coefficient: -3.2, 95% CI: -5.6 to -0.8, p = 0.009) and dichotomised score (OR 62.8, 95% CI: 4.8 to 817.8, p = 0.002). These findings suggested that increased fatty infiltration in the paraspinal muscles is associated with higher risk of persistent leg pain after decompression surgery for LSS. The associations between the MFI and the other outcome measures were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Increased preoperative fatty infiltration in the paraspinal muscles on MRI was associated with persistent leg pain two years after decompression surgery for LSS. This preoperative MRI finding may be useful as a prognostic factor in patients with LSS undergoing decompression surgery.

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• Bakke, Kine Mari; Meltzer, Sebastian; Lyckander, Lars Gustav; Holmedal, Stein Harald; Negård, Anne & Gjesdal, Kjell-Inge [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Predicting tumour response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI.
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