Erik Waage Nielsen

• Seines, Ellisiv; Harneshaug, Mariann; Skjeflo, Trine; Isachsen, Fredrik & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2024). Pneumothorax under skulderkirurgi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 144(5). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0542.
• Berg, Kristin Sandal; Seines, Ellisiv; Gál, Peter; Løberg-Emanuelsen, Lise; Stubhaug, Audun & Nielsen, Erik Waage [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Absorption and pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after bilateral topical administration in tonsillar fossae for posttonsillectomy pain relief. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives. ISSN 2052-1707. 12(2). doi: 10.1002/prp2.1196. Full text in Research Archive
• Faldaas, Bjørn Ove; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Storm, Benjamin Stage; Lappegård, Knut Tore; Nilsen, Bent Aksel & Kiss, Gabriel Hanssen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Real-time feedback on chest compression efficacy by hands-free carotid Doppler in a porcine model. Resuscitation Plus. ISSN 2666-5204. 18. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100583. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristiansen, Steinar; Jarmund, Anders Hagen; Hilmo, Jonas Larsen; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Leth-Olsen, Martin & Nyrnes, Siri Ann [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2024). Femoral Nailing in a Porcine Model Causes Bone Marrow Emboli in the Lungs and Systemic Emboli in the Heart and Brain. JBJS Open Access. ISSN 2472-7245. 9(1). doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.23.00128. Full text in Research Archive
• Gramstad, Olav Rogde; Schjalm, Camilla; Mollnes, Tom Eirik & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2023). Increased thromboinflammatory load in hereditary angioedema. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 214(2), p. 170–181. doi: 10.1093/cei/uxad091. Full text in Research Archive
• Marsh, Phillip L.; Moore, Ernest E.; Moore, Hunter B.; Bunch, Connor M.; Aboukhaled, Michael & Condon, Shaun M. [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2023). Iatrogenic air embolism: pathoanatomy, thromboinflammation, endotheliopathy, and therapies. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 14:1230049, p. 1–26. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230049. Full text in Research Archive
• Lynghaug, Trine; Bakke, Håkon Kvåle; Fuskevåg, Ole Martin; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Dietrichs, Erik Sveberg (2023). How should tranexamic acid be administered in hemorrhagic shock? continuous serum concentration measurements in a swine model. Shock. ISSN 1073-2322. 60(5), p. 707–712. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002222. Full text in Research Archive
• Faldaas, Bjørn Ove; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Storm, Benjamin; Lappegård, Knut Tore; How, Ole-Jakob & Nilsen, Bent Aksel [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Hands-free continuous carotid Doppler ultrasound for detection of the pulse during cardiac arrest in a porcine model. Resuscitation Plus. ISSN 2666-5204. 15:100412, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100412. Full text in Research Archive
• Storjord, Elin; Airila-Månsson, Stella; Karlsen, Katarzyna; Madsen, Martin Ragnar Skjerve; Dahl, Jim André & Landsem, Anne [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Dental and Periodontal Health in Acute Intermittent Porphyria. Life. ISSN 2075-1729. 12:1270(8), p. 1–18. doi: 10.3390/life12081270. Full text in Research Archive
• Storm, Benjamin; Ludviksen, Judith K; Christiansen, Dorte; Fure, Hilde; Pettersen, Kristin & Landsem, Anne [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Venous Air Embolism Activates Complement C3 Without Corresponding C5 Activation and Trigger Thromboinflammation in Pigs. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 13:839632, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839632. Full text in Research Archive
• Nielsen, Erik Waage; Miller, Yoav; Brekke, Ole Lars; Grond, Joost; Duong, Anh Hoang & Fure, Hilde [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). A Novel Porcine Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Cross-Clamping the Thoracic Aorta Revealed Substantial Cardiopulmonary, Thromboinflammatory and Biochemical Changes Without Effect of C1-Inhibitor Treatment. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 13:852119, p. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852119. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakke, Håkon Kvåle; Fuskevåg, Ole Martin; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Dietrichs, Erik Sveberg (2021). Intramuscular uptake of tranexamic acid during haemorrhagic shock in a swine model. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. ISSN 1757-7241. 29. doi: 10.1186/s13049-021-00983-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Storm, Benjamin; Christiansen, Dorte; Fure, Hilde; Ludviksen, Judith K; Lau, Corinna & Lambris, John D. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Air Bubbles Activate Complement and Trigger Hemostasis and C3-Dependent Cytokine Release Ex Vivo in Human Whole Blood. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 207(11), p. 2828–2840. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100308. Full text in Research Archive
• Gramstad, Olav Rogde; Kandanur, Sai Priya Sarma; Etscheid, Michael; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Kanse, Sandip (2021). Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) is not essential in the pathophysiology of angioedema in patients with C1 inhibitor deficiency. Molecular Immunology. ISSN 0161-5890. 142, p. 95–104. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.019. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristiansen, Steinar; Storm, Benjamin; Dahle, Dalia; Josefsen, Terje D.; Dybwik, Knut Gustav & Nilsen, Bent Aksel [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Intraosseous fluid resuscitation causes systemic fat emboli in a porcine hemorrhagic shock model. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. ISSN 1757-7241. 29:172, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s13049-021-00986-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Intraosseous cannulation can be life-saving when intravenous access cannot be readily achieved. However, it has been shown that the procedure may cause fat emboli to the lungs and brain. Fat embolization may cause serious respiratory failure and fat embolism syndrome. We investigated whether intraosseous fluid resuscitation in pigs in hemorrhagic shock caused pulmonary or systemic embolization to the heart, brain, or kidneys and if this was enhanced by open chest conditions. Methods We induced hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized pigs followed by fluid-resuscitation through bilaterally placed tibial (hind leg) intraosseous cannulas. The fluid-resuscitation was limited to intraosseous or i.v. fluid therapy, and did not involve cardiopulmonary resuscitation or other interventions. A subgroup underwent median sternotomy with pericardiectomy and pleurotomy before hemorrhagic shock was induced. We used invasive hemodynamic and respiratory monitoring including Swan Ganz pulmonary artery catheter and transesophageal echocardiography and obtained biopsies from the lungs, heart, brain, and left kidney postmortem. Results All pigs exposed to intraosseous infusion had pulmonary fat emboli in postmortem biopsies. Additionally, seven of twenty-one pigs had coronary fat emboli. None of the pigs with open chest had fat emboli in postmortem lung, heart, or kidney biopsies. During intraosseous fluid-resuscitation, three pigs developed significant ST-elevations on ECG; all of these animals had coronary fat emboli on postmortem biopsies. Conclusions Systemic fat embolism occurred in the form of coronary fat emboli in a third of the animals who underwent intraosseous fluid resuscitation. Open chest conditions did not increase the incidence of systemic fat embolization.

• Storm, Benjamin; Halvorsen, Per Steinar; Skulstad, Helge; Dybwik, Knut Gustav; Schjalm, Camilla & Christiansen, Dorte [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Open chest and pericardium facilitate transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 65(5), p. 648–655. doi: 10.1111/aas.13796. Full text in Research Archive
• Storm, Benjamin; Christiansen, Dorte; Mollnes, Tom Eirik & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2020). Avoiding ambient air in test tubes during incubations of human whole-blood minimizes complement background activation. Journal of Immunological Methods (JIM). ISSN 0022-1759. 487:112876, p. 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112876. Full text in Research Archive
• Pischke, Søren; Hestenes, Siv Merete; Johansen, Harald Thidemann; Fure, Hilde; Bugge, Jan F & Espinoza, Andreas Westenvik [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Sepsis causes right ventricular myocardial inflammation independent of pulmonary hypertension in a porcine sepsis model. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14:e0218624(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218624. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjeflo, Espen Waage; Christiansen, Dorte; Landsem, Anne; Stenvik, Jørgen; Woodruff, T. M. & Espevik, Terje [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Phagocytosis of live and dead Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in human whole blood is markedly reduced by combined inhibition of C5aR1 and CD14. Molecular Immunology. ISSN 0161-5890. 112, p. 131–139. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.03.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Dybwik, Knut Gustav & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2018). A successful new method for single left lobe recruitment. Clinical Case Reports. ISSN 2050-0904. 6(12), p. 2309–2312. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1787. Full text in Research Archive
• Hauvik, Linn Eva; Varghese, Mercy & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2018). Lactate gap: a diagnostic support in severe metabolic acidosis of unknown origin. Case Reports in Medicine. ISSN 1687-9627. 2018: 5238240, p. 1–4. doi: 10.1155/2018/5238240. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjeflo, Espen Waage; Christiansen, Dorte; Fure, Hilde; Ludviksen, Judith K; Woodruff, Trent M. & Espevik, Terje [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Staphylococcus aureus-induced complement activation promotes tissue factor-mediated coagulation. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. ISSN 1538-7933. 16(5), p. 905–918. doi: 10.1111/jth.13979. Full text in Research Archive
• Brønstad, Maria; Varghese, Mercy & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2018). Fatal propofol infusion syndrome in a young man with status epilepticus. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 62(5), p. 709–711. doi: 10.1111/aas.13106.
• kristiansen, Steinar; Madsen, marie Rønning; Steen, Rolf & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2018). En ung traumepasient med fem frakturer og multiorgansvikt. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 138(8). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0898.
• Storm, Benjamin Stage; Andreasen, Stine; Hovland, Anders & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2017). Gas Embolism During Hysteroscopic Surgery?: Three Cases and a Literature Review. Anesthesia & analgesia case reports. ISSN 2325-7237. 9(5), p. 140–143. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000549.
• Hovland, Anders; Nestvold, Torunn Kristin; Bohov, Pavol; Trøseid, Marius; Aukrust, Pål & Berge, Rolf Kristian [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Bariatric surgery reduces fasting total fatty acids and increases n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in morbidly obese individuals. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 77(8), p. 628–633. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1393691. Full text in Research Archive
• Hellerud, Bernt C; Orrem, Hilde Lang; Dybwik, Knut Gustav; Pischke, Søren Erik; Barratt-Due, Andreas & Castellheim, Albert [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2017). Combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 efficiently attenuated the inflammatory response in a porcine model of meningococcal sepsis. Journal of Intensive Care. ISSN 2052-0492. 5:21, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s40560-017-0217-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Tveita, Ingrid Aune; Madsen, Martin & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2017). Dissection of the internal carotid artery and stroke after mandibular fractures: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Medical Case Reports. ISSN 1752-1947. 11:148, p. 1–6. doi: 10.1186/s13256-017-1316-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjelstad, Trond; Sørensen, Marte Alsos & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2017). Turskiløper med kraftsvikt og nedsatt bevissthet. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 137(4), p. 289–291. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0267.
• Hennø, Linda Torrissen; Storjord, Elin; Christiansen, Dorte; Bergseth, Grete; Ludviksen, Judith K & Fure, Hilde [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Effect of the anticoagulant, storage time and temperature of blood samples on the concentrations of 27 multiplex assayed cytokines ? Consequences for defining reference values in healthy humans. Cytokine. ISSN 1043-4666. 97, p. 86–95. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.05.014. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Cytokines are potentially useful biomarkers of sepsis and other inflammatory conditions. Many cytokines can be released by leukocytes and platelets after sampling. The sampling and processing techniques are consequently critically important to measure the in vivo levels. We therefore examined the effects of four different anticoagulants, EDTA, citrate, lepirudin, heparin compared to serum, on the levels of 27 different cytokines. The effects of storage temperature, freezing and thawing on the plasma cytokines were examined. Cytokines were analysed using a multiplex immunoassay. The cytokine levels in serum were significantly higher compared with plasma, consistent with release of cytokines in vitro during coagulation. In general, the lowest values for all cytokines were found in EDTA samples, stored on crushed ice, centrifuged within 4 h and thereafter stored at −80 °C. MCP-1 and MIP-1β levels were highest in heparin plasma and storage of blood for up to 4 h at room temperature significantly increased the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ and GM-CSF levels in EDTA plasma, indicating post-sampling release. In contrast, the IP-10 levels were unaffected by sample storage at both temperatures. Our results indicate that the cytokines were more stable in plasma than in whole blood after sampling. Thus, cytokines should be analysed in EDTA plasma samples stored on ice and centrifuged within 4 h. Based on these data, the reference ranges of 27 cytokines in EDTA plasma in 162 healthy human donors were calculated.

• Storjord, Elin; Dahl, Jim André; Landsem, Anne; Fure, Hilde; Ludviksen, Judith K & Goldbeck-Wood, Sandy [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Systemic inflammation in acute intermittent porphyria:a case–control study. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 187(3), p. 466–479. doi: 10.1111/cei.12899.
• Landsem, Anne; Fure, Hilde; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Brekke, Ole Lars (2016). C1-inhibitor efficiently delays clot development in normal human whole blood and inhibits Escherichia coli-induced coagulation measured by thromboelastometry. Thrombosis Research. ISSN 0049-3848. 143, p. 63–70. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.04.024.
• Seip, Knut Fredrik; Evjenth, Bjørg; Hovland, Anders; Dybwik, Knut Gustav; Johansen, Harald Thidemann & Fure, Hilde [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Bradykinin-Induced Shock Increase Exhaled Nitric Oxide, Complement Activation and Cytokine Production in Pigs. Journal of Cardiology & Clinical Research. ISSN 2333-6676. 4(2). Full text in Research Archive
• Johansen, Harald Thidemann; Seip, Knut Fredrik & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2016). Bradykininutløste angioødemer. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1935. 124(4), p. 31–35.
• Storm, Benjamin Stage; Dybwik, Knut & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2016). Late complications after percutaneous tracheostomy and oral intubation: Evaluation of 1,628 procedures. The Laryngoscope. ISSN 0023-852X. 126(5), p. 1077–1082. doi: 10.1002/lary.25766.
• Skjeflo, Espen Waage; Sagatun, Caroline; Dybwik, Knut; Aam, Sturla; Urving, Sven Haakon & Nunn, Miles A. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2015). Combined inhibition of complement and CD14 improved outcome in porcine polymicrobial sepsis. Critical Care. ISSN 1364-8535. 19:415. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1129-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Hellerud, Bernt C; Olstad, Ole Kristoffer; Nielsen, Erik W.; Siebke, Anne-Marie; Skadberg, Øyvind & Thorgersen, Ebbe Billmann [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Massive organ inflammation in experimental and in clinical meningococcal septic shock. Shock. ISSN 1073-2322. 44(5), p. 458–469. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000441. Show summary

  Fulminant meningococcal sepsis is characterized by a massive growth of bacteria in the circulation, regarded as the primary inflammatory site, with no specific solid organ focus. Here we aimed to study the local inflammatory response in organs using a porcine model of fulminant meningococcal septic shock challenged with exponentially increasing doses of heat inactivated Neisseria meningitidis. The results were compared with those obtained in organs post mortem from three patients with lethal meningococcal septic shock. Nine patients with lethal pneumococcal disease and 14 patients with sudden infant death syndrome served as controls. Frozen tissue were thawed, homogenized and prepared for quantification of bacterial DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and key inflammatory mediators were measured by ELISA in the pig material and by multiplex in the human material. In addition, gene expression assayed by Affymetrix gene expression profiling was performed in the pig study. The porcine model revealed a major influx of N. meningitidis in lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys accompanied with major production of cardinal inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1[beta], IL-6, and IL-8, far exceeding the amount detected in blood. Genes encoding for these mediators revealed a similar profile. By comparing the wild-type with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficient meningococcal strain, we documented that LPS was the dominant group of molecules inducing organ inflammation and was required for IL-8 production. IL-10 production was predominantly stimulated by non-LPS molecules. The massive organ inflammation in the porcine model was present in the three patients dying of meningococcal shock and differed markedly from the patients with lethal pneumococcal infections and sudden infant death syndrome. In conclusion, in meningococcal sepsis, a massive local inflammatory response occurs in specific organs.

• Landsem, Anne; Fure, Hilde; Christiansen, Dorte; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Østerud, Bjarne & Mollnes, Tom Eirik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). The key roles of complement and tissue factor in Escherichia coli-induced coagulation in human whole blood. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 182(1), p. 81–89. doi: 10.1111/cei.12663.
• Johnsrud, Irene Elizabeth; Kulseth, Mari Ann; Rødningen, Olaug Kristin; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Helsing, Per & Nielsen, Erik Waage [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). A nationwide study of Norwegian patients with hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency identified six novel mutations in SERPING1. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(7). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131637.
• Nestvold, Torunn Kristin; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Ludviksen, Judith K; Fure, Hilde; Landsem, Anne & Lappegård, Knut Tore (2015). Lifestyle changes followed by bariatric surgery lower inflammatory markers and the cardiovascular risk factors C3 and C4. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. ISSN 1540-4196. 13(1), p. 29–35. doi: 10.1089/met.2014.0099.
• Trøseid, Marius; Nestvold, Torunn Kristin; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Thoresen, Hanne E. G.; Seljeflot, Ingebjørg & Lappegård, Knut Tore (2015). Soluble CD14 is associated with markers of vascular dysfunction in bariatric surgery patients. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. ISSN 1540-4196. 13(3), p. 119–124. doi: 10.1089/met.2014.0111.
• Stordahl, Harald; Passas, Evangelina Helene Tønsberg; Hopland, Andreas & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2015). Nine out of ten trauma calls to a Norwegian hospital are avoidable: a retrospective analysis. BMC Emergency Medicine. ISSN 1471-227X. 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12873-015-0026-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Mathisen, Marit; Olsen, Rudi Valde; Andreasen, Stine & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2014). Is it possible to detect malposition of the vertex at an early stage in labour? A case-control study. Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. ISSN 1877-5756. 5, p. 185–187. doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2014.04.002.
• Gjerløw, Ellen; Bjørgaas, Marit Ragnhild Rokne; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Olsen, Sandra Elise & Åsvold, Bjørn Olav (2014). Fear of hypoglycemia in women and men with type 1 diabetes. Nursing Research. ISSN 0029-6562. 63(2), p. 143–149. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000020.
• Hestenes, Siv Merete; Halvorsen, Per Steinar; Skulstad, Helge; Remme, Espen; Espinoza, Andreas Westenvik & Hyler, Stefan [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2014). Advantages of strain echocardiography in assessment of myocardial function in severe sepsis: An experimental study. Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 0090-3493. 42(6), p. e432–e440. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000310.
• Skjeflo, Espen Waage; Christiansen, Dorte; Espevik, Terje; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Mollnes, Tom Eirik (2014). Combined inhibition of complement and CD14 efficiently attenuated the inflammatory response induced by staphylococcus aureus in a human whole blood model. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 192(6), p. 2857–2864. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300755. Show summary

  The complement and TLR systems are activated in sepsis, contributing to an unfavorable inflammatory “storm.” Combined inhibition of these systems has been documented to efficiently attenuate the inflammatory responses induced by Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we hypothesized that the combined inhibition would attenuate the inflammatory responses induced by Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (strains Cowan and Wood), as well as S. aureus cell wall lipoteichoic acid (LTA), were incubated in thrombin-inhibited human whole blood. Complement was inhibited at the level of C3 and C5, and the TLRs by inhibiting CD14 and TLR2. Thirty-four inflammatory markers were measured by multiplex technology and flow cytometry. Thirteen markers increased significantly in response to Cowan and Wood, and 12 in response to LTA. Combined inhibition with the C3 inhibitor compstatin and the anti-CD14 Ab 18D11 significantly reduced 92 (Cowan, LTA) and 85% (Wood) of these markers. Compstatin alone significantly reduced 54 (Cowan), 38 (Wood), and 83% (LTA), whereas anti-CD14 alone significantly reduced 23, 15, and 67%, respectively. Further experiments showed that the effects of complement inhibition were mainly due to inhibition of C5a interaction with the C5a receptor. The effects on inhibiting CD14 and TLR2 were similar. The combined regimen was more efficient toward the bacterial effects than either complement or anti-CD14 inhibition alone. Complement was responsible for activation of and phagocytosis by both granulocytes and monocytes. Disrupting upstream recognition by inhibiting complement and CD14 efficiently attenuated S. aureus–induced inflammation and might be a promising treatment in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive sepsis.

• Seip, Knut Fredrik; Bjerknes, Kari Christiane; Johansen, Harald Thidemann; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland & Reubsaet, Leon (2014). Bradykinin analysis revived - A validated method for determination of its stable metabolite in whole blood by LC-MS/MS. Journal of chromatography. B. ISSN 1570-0232. 947-948, p. 139–144. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.033.
• Brekke, Ole Lars; Waage, Knut-Christian; Christiansen, Dorte; Fure, Hilde; Qu, H & Lambris, John D. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). The Effects of Selective Complement and CD14 Inhibition on the E. coli -Induced Tissue Factor mRNA Upregulation, Monocyte Tissue Factor Expression, and Tissue Factor Functional Activity in Human Whole Blood. In Lambris, J.D. (Eds.), Complement Therapeutics, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISSN 978-1-4614-4118-2. p. 123–136. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_8.
• Landsem, Anne; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Fure, Hilde; Christiansen, Dorte; Ludviksen, Judith K & Lambris, J.D. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). C1-inhibitor efficiently inhibits Escherichia coli-induced tissue factor mRNA up-regulation, monocyte tissue factor expression and coagulation activation in human whole blood. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 173(2), p. 217–229. doi: 10.1111/cei.12098.
• Ulvin, Ole Erik & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2013). Unexplained severe lactic acidosis in emergency medicine. Journal of Medical Case Reports. ISSN 1752-1947. 1(2). Full text in Research Archive
• Nestvold, Torunn Kristin; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Lappegård, Knut Tore (2013). Bariatric Surgery Reduces Risk Factors for Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Morbidly Obese, Nondiabetic Patients. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. ISSN 1540-4196. 11(6), p. 441–446. doi: 10.1089/met.2013.0085.
• Salomonsen, Magnus; Hardersen, Randolf; Carlsson, Maria & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2013). En mann i 70-årene funnet forvirret på treningstur. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 133(23-24), p. 2483–2487. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0189.
• Trøseid, Marius; Nestvold, Torunn Kristin; Rudi, Knut; Thoresen, Hanna; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Lappegård, Knut Tore (2013). Plasma Lipopolysaccharide Is Closely Associated With Glycemic Control and Abdominal Obesity: Evidence from bariatric surgery. Diabetes Care. ISSN 0149-5992. 36(11), p. 3627–3632. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0451. Full text in Research Archive
• Lau, Corinna; Gunnarsen, Kristin Støen; Høydahl, Lene Støkken; Andersen, Jan Terje; Berntzen, Gøril & Pharo, Anne Margrethe [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2013). Chimeric Anti-CD14 IGG2/4 Hybrid Antibodies for Therapeutic Intervention in Pig and Human Models of Inflammation. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 191(9), p. 4769–4777. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301653. Full text in Research Archive
• Barratt-Due, Andreas; Pischke, Søren Erik; Brekke, Ole Lars; Thorgersen, Ebbe Billmann; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Espevik, Terje [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2012). Bride and groom in systemic inflammation - The bells ring for complement and Toll in cooperation. Immunobiology. ISSN 0171-2985. 217(11), p. 1047–1056. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.07.019.
• Hovland, Anders; Hardersen, Randolf; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Enebakk, Terje; Christiansen, Dorte & Ludviksen, Judith K [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2012). Complement profile and activation mechanisms by different LDL apheresis systems. Acta Biomaterialia. ISSN 1742-7061. 8(6), p. 2288–2296. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.017.
• Caballero, Teresa; Farkas, Henriette; Bouillet, Laurence; Bowen, Tom; Gompel, Anne & Fagerberg, Christina [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2012). International consensus and practical guidelines on the gynecologic and obstetric management of female patients with hereditary angioedema caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 129(2), p. 308–320. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.025.
• Dybwik, Knut; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Brinchmann, Berit Støre (2012). Ethical challenges in home mechanical ventilation: A secondary analysis. Nursing Ethics. ISSN 0969-7330. 19(2), p. 233–244. doi: 10.1177/0969733011414967. Full text in Research Archive
• Berntsen, reidar & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2012). Bronchoscopy in rural areas. Pulmonary Medicine. ISSN 2090-1836. doi: 10.1155/2012/872327.
• Brekke, Ole Lars; Hellerud, Bernt C; Christiansen, Dorte; Fure, Hilde; Castellheim, Albert & Nielsen, Erik Waage [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2011). Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli are protected from leukocyte phagocytosis by binding to erythrocyte complement receptor 1 in human blood. Molecular Immunology. ISSN 0161-5890. 48(15-16), p. 2159–2169. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.07.011.

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• Jarmund, Anders Hagen; Kristiansen, Steinar; Leth-Olsen, Martin; Vogt, Ella Christina Stray; Nervik, Ingunn & Torp, Hans [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Perioperativ cerebral emboli-deteksjon med høy-frekvent Doppler-ultralyd.
• Marsh, Phillip L.; Moore, Ernest E.; Moore, Hunter B.; Bunch, Connor M.; Aboukhaled, Michael & Condon, Shaun M. [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2024). Corrigendum: Iatrogenic air embolism: pathoanatomy, thromboinflammation, endotheliopathy, and therapies (Front. Immunol., (2023), 14, 1230049, 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230049). Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 15. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378003.
• Faldaas, Bjørn Ove; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Storm, Benjamin Stage; Lappegård, Knut Tore; How, Ole-Jakob & nielsen, bent aksel [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Real Time Feedback of Chest Compressions by Hands-Free Carotid Doppler in a Porcine Model. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 148.
• Seines, Ellisiv; Fretland, Bjørn; Gál, Peter; Berg, Kristin Sandal; Stubhaug, Audun & Løberg-Emanuelsen, L [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Low systemic concentrations of bupivacaine from topical anesthesia of the tonsillar beds after tonsillectomy.
• Bakke, Håkon Kvåle; Fuskevåg, Ole Martin; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Dietrichs, Erik Sveberg (2021). INTRAMUSCULAR UPTAKE OF TRANEXAMIC ACID DURING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN A SWINE MODEL.
• Nielsen, Erik Waage & Østerud, Bjarne (2020). Measuring only pre-existing Factor VIIa. International Immunopharmacology. ISSN 1567-5769. 83. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106424.
• Bakke, Håkon Kvåle; Fauskevåg, Ole Martin; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Dietrichs, Erik Sveberg (2020). Intramuscular uptake of tranexamic acid during haemorrhagic shock in a swine model. Show summary

  Intramuscular uptake of tranexamic acid during haemorrhagic shock in a swine model Bakke H.1,2, Fauskevåg O.M. 3, Nielsen E.W. 4,5,6,7, Dietrichs E.S. 8,9 1University Hospital of North Norway, Department of anaesthesia and critical care, Tromsø, Norway 2University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Traumatology, Tromsø, Norway 3University Hospital of North Norway, Division of Diagnostic Services, Tromsø, Norway 4Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Bodø, Norway 5Univerity Nord, Bodø, Norway 6University of Oslo , Department of Immunology, Oslo, Norway 7University of Tromsø, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Norway, Norway 8University of Tromsø, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Tromsø, Norway 9University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tromsø, Norway Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce mortality in bleeding trauma patients, with greater effect if administered early. Normally administered intravenously, TXA can also be administered intramuscularly, which could be advantageous in low resource and military settings. Intramuscular use has only been tested in healthy patients, and it is likely that shock will reduce intramuscular uptake. Material & Methods: In a prospective experimental study Norwegian landrace pigs (40-50kg)utilised in a surgical course in haemostatic emergency surgery were subjected to various abdominal and thoracic trauma. After 1 hour of surgery the pigs were injected with 15 mg/kg TXA either intravenously or intramuscularly. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5, 15, 25, 35 ,45, 60 and 80 minutes. The samples were centrifuged and analysed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Preliminary results from 3 animals in the intramuscular and 2 animals in the intravenous group. Mean plasma concentration with SD of TXA as a function of time is shown in figure 1. Plasma concentration in the intramuscular group was near 10 ug/mL 15 minutes after administration, and rose above 14 ug/mL after 60 minutes. Conclusions: Plasma concentrations reported to inhibit fibrinolysis in vitro is 10 – 17.5 ug/ml (1,2). If this extrapolates to the clinical situation intramuscular administration would yield plasma levels within the lower end of therapeutic range after 15 minutes.In ongoing haemorrhagic shock plasma concentrations of TXA after intramuscular administration were considerably lower than after intravenous administration, but within therapeutic range . References 1. Fietchner et al. Plasma tranexamic acid concentrations during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 2001 May;92(5):1131-6 2. Yee et al. The effective concentration of tranexamic acid for inhibition of fibrinolysis in neonatal plasma in vitro. Anesth Analg. 2001 Oct;117(4):767-72.

• Bakke, Victoria Desire & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2019). KLOR, DET GLEMTE ION. KARAKTERISTISKE LABORATORIEVERDIER VED ENTEROVESIKAL FISTEL.
• Berg, Kristin Sandal & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2019). SELVPÅFØRT FORGIFTNING MED KOFFEINTABLETTER. HØSTMØTET I NORSK ANESTESIOLOGISK FORENING.
• Hansen, Tine Torjuul; Storm, Benjamin & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2019). EN PASIENT MED SEKS OG EN HALV TIMES EFFEKT AV SUKSAMETONIUM OG PÅFØLGENDE STRESSINDUSERT KARDIOMYOPATI.
• Buchmann, K.; Storm, Benjamin & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2019). BRUK AV DEKSMEDETOMIDIN VED LIVSTRUENDE HJERTESVIKT. ABSTRACTPRIS.
• Vikan, Ida Marie Nyhagen & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2019). LØGN, FORBANNET LØGN – OG STATISTIKK. Om reinnleggelser på Intensiv. Tidsskrift for Norsk anestesiologisk forening (NAForum). 32(1), p. 12–13.
• Hansen, Tine Torjuul & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2019). Andre årsaker til postoperativt lungeødem? . Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001.
• Storm, Benjamin; Christiansen, Dorte; Fure, Hilde; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Mollnes, Tom Eirik (2019). Air bubbles induce a complement-dependent cytokine release in human whole blood in vitro and venous air embolism leads to an inflammatory response in pigs in vivo. Molecular Immunology. ISSN 0161-5890. 114.
• Berg, Kristin Sandal; Ofstad, Eirik Hugaas & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2019). Selvpåført forgiftning med koffeintabletter.
• Storm, Benjamin; Thoresen, Hanne & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2018). Accidential injection of 15 ml air: Did Durant’s manoevure hinder cerebral air-emboli? European Journal of Anaesthesiology. ISSN 0265-0215. 35.
• Nielsen, Erik Waage; Storm, Benjamin; Christiansen, Dorte & Mollnes, Tom Eirik (2018). Venous air embolism-indiced coagulation prevented by complement C5 inhibition. Molecular Immunology. ISSN 0161-5890. 102, p. 192–193.
• Kristiansen, Steinar & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2018). Fettemboli og koagulasjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 138(10), p. 895–896. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0429.
• Storm, Benjamin Stage; Andreasen, Stine; Hovland, Anders & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2017). Underestimation of gas embolism during hysteroscopy surgery? How to recognise symptoms and reduce fatalities. Presentation of three cases. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. ISSN 0265-0215. 2017(34), p. 120–120.
• Storm, Benjamin Stage; Andreasen, Stine; Hovland, Anders & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2017). Underestimation of gas embolism during hysteroscopy surgery? How to recognise symptoms and reduce fatalities. Presentation of three cases.
• Storm, Benjamin Stage; Christiansen, Dorte; Dybwik, Knut Gustav; Mollnes, Tom Eirik & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2017). Gas embolism during surgery. A complement mediated condition?
• Hilmo, Jonas; Kayser, Ole & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2017). Fettembolisyndrom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 137(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0009.
• Nielsen, Erik Waage (2016). Re: En kvinne i 70-årene med rask forverring av kognitiv funksjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 136(18), p. 1507–1507. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0790.
• Johnsrud, Irene Elizabeth; Kulseth, Mari Ann; Rødningen, Olaug Kristin; Landrø, Linn; Helsing, Per & Nielsen, Erik Waage [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Erratum: A nationwide study of norwegian patients with hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency identified six novel mutations in SERPING1 (PLOS ONE 10 :7 (e0131637) 10.1371/journal.pone.0131637)). PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136011.
• Nielsen, Erik Waage (2015). Re: En tvillinggravid kvinne med polyuri og polydipsi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 135(21), p. 1922–1922. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.1131.
• Nielsen, Erik Waage; Lappegård, Knut Tore & Johansen, Harald Thidemann (2015). Re: Ny og bedre medisin mot hjertesvikt. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 135(9), p. 830–831. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0486.
• Warsame, Mahad Omar; Gamboa, Danil & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2014). M. Warsame og medarbeidere svarer:. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 134(23/24). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1437.
• Warsame, Mahad Omar; Gamboa, Danil & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2014). En kvinne i 40-årene med kreft, synkope og kramper. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 134(19), p. 1855–1857. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.1528.
• Mæhle, Kirsten Vikesland; Haug, Bjørn; Flaatten, Hans & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2014). Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disorder in ICU patients. Critical Care. ISSN 1364-8535. 18(2). doi: 10.1186/cc13802. Full text in Research Archive
• Tysvær, Gunbjørg & Nielsen, Erik Waage (2013). Nasogastrisk sonde på ville veier. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 133(5).
• Nielsen, Erik Waage (2013). Riktig definisjon av p-verdi? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 133(9).
• Landsem, A; Fure, Hilde; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Mollnes, Tom Eirik & Brekke, Ole Lars (2013). Effects of C1-inhibitor on clot development in human whole blood analyzed using rotational thromboelastography. Molecular Immunology. ISSN 0161-5890. 56(3), p. 271–271. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.094.
• Brekke, Ole Lars; Landsem, Anne; Fure, Hilde; Christiansen, Dorte; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Lambris, J.D. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Key role of tissue factor in complement-mediated coagulation activation by Escherichia coli and LPS. Molecular Immunology. ISSN 0161-5890. 56(3), p. 250–250. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.036.
• Seip, Knut Fredrik; Bjerknes, Kari Christiane; Johansen, Harald Thidemann; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Helsing, Per & Reubsaet, Leon [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Investigating bradykinin exposure in hereditary angioedema through the metabolite BK1-5.
• Seip, Knut Fredrik; Bjerknes, Kari Christiane; Johansen, Harald Thidemann; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Helsing, Per & Reubsaet, Leon [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Investigating bradykinin exposure in hereditary angioedema through the metabolite BK1-5.
• Bjerknes, Kari Christiane; Seip, Knut Fredrik; Reubsaet, Leon; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Johansen, Harald Thidemann (2012). The role of Bradykinin in attacks of angioedema - Development of a method for measuring the stable metabolite BK1-5.
• Bjerknes, Kari Christiane; Seip, Knut Fredrik; Johansen, Harald Thidemann; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Reubsaet, Leon (2012). Bradykinins rolle ved arvelig angiødemanfall – LC-MS/MS bestemmelse via metabolitten BK1-5 i fullblod.
• Brekke, Ole Lars; Landsem, Anne; Fure, Hilde; Christiansen, Dorte; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Lambris, John D. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Escherichia coli-induced coagulation activation and pentraxin 3 release is highly dependent on complement and CD14. Immunobiology. ISSN 0171-2985. 217(11), p. 1167–1168. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.112.
• Skjeflo, Espen; Christiansen, Dorte; Lambris, John D.; Espevik, Terje; Nielsen, Erik Waage & Mollnes, Tom Eirik (2012). Combined inhibition of complement and CD14 efficiently attenuated the inflammatory response induced by Staphylococcus aureus in a human whole blood model. Immunobiology. ISSN 0171-2985. 217(11), p. 1152–1153. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.068.
• Landsem, Anne; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Christiansen, Dorte; Mollnes, Tom Eirik & Brekke, Ole Lars (2012). C1-inhibitor efficiently inhibits Escherichia coli-induced tissue factor mRNA up-regulation, monocyte tissue factor expression and coagulation activation in human whole blood. Immunobiology. ISSN 0171-2985. 217(11), p. 1142–1142. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.040.

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