Karianne Wiger Gammelsrud

• Rolfsen, Mads Peder; Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Espeland, Ansgar; Bråten, Lars Christian Haugli; Mjønes, Sverre Bugge & Austevoll, Ivar Magne [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2024). Bacterial growth in patients with low back pain and Modic changes: protocol of a multicentre, case–control biopsy study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082244.
• Rolfsen, Mads Peder; Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Espeland, Ansgar; Bråten, Lars Christian Haugli; Mjønes, Sverre Bugge & Austevoll, Ivar Magne [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2024). Bacterial growth in patients with low back pain and Modic changes: protocol of a multicentre, case–control biopsy study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 14(5). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082244.
• Fostervold, Aasmund; Raffelsberger, Niclas Peter; Hetland, Marit; Bakksjø, Ragna-Johanne; Bernhoff, Eva & Samuelsen, Ørjan [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2024). Risk of death in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections is associated with specific phylogenetic lineages. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 88(5). doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106155.
• Helset, Elin; Cheng, Vesa; Sporsem, Hilde Margrete; Thorstensen, Christian; Nordøy, Ingvild & Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Meropenem pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment and clinical response in ICU patients: A prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. doi: 10.1111/aas.14376.
• al Rubaye, Mushtaq; Janice, Jessin ; Bjørnholt, Jørgen Vildershøj; Kacelnik, Oliver; Haldorsen, Bjørg C. & Nygaard, Randi M. [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2023). The population structure of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible Enterococcus faecium in a low-prevalence antimicrobial resistance setting is highly influenced by circulating global hospital-associated clones. Microbial Genomics. ISSN 2057-5858. 9(12). doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.001160. Full text in Research Archive
• Ljungquist, Oskar; Haldorsen, Bjørg; Pöntinen, Anna Kaarina; Janice, Jessin ; Josefsen, Ellen Haldis & Elstrøm, Petter [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2023). Nationwide, population-based observational study of the molecular epidemiology and temporal trend of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Norway, 2015 to 2021. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 28(27), p. 1–11. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.27.2200774. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction National and regional carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) surveillance is essential to understand the burden of antimicrobial resistance, elucidate outbreaks, and develop infection-control or antimicrobial-treatment recommendations. Aim This study aimed to describe CPE and their epidemiology in Norway from 2015 to 2021. Methods A nationwide, population-based observational study of all verified clinical and carriage CPE isolates submitted to the national reference laboratory was conducted. Isolates were characterised by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and basic metadata. Annual CPE incidences were also estimated. Results A total of 389 CPE isolates were identified from 332 patients of 63 years median age (range: 0-98). These corresponded to 341 cases, 184 (54%) being male. Between 2015 and 2021, the annual incidence of CPE cases increased from 0.6 to 1.1 per 100,000 person-years. For CPE-isolates with available data on colonisation/infection, 58% (226/389) were associated with colonisation and 38% (149/389) with clinical infections. WGS revealed a predominance of OXA-48-like (51%; 198/389) and NDM (34%; 134/389) carbapenemases in a diversified population of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, including high-risk clones also detected globally. Most CPE isolates were travel-related (63%; 245/389). Although local outbreaks and healthcare-associated transmission occurred, no interregional spread was detected. Nevertheless, 18% (70/389) of isolates not directly related to import points towards potentially unidentified transmission routes. A decline in travel-associated cases was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The close-to-doubling of CPE case incidence between 2015 and 2021 was associated with foreign travel and genomic diversity. To limit further transmission and outbreaks, continued screening and monitoring is essential.

• Ravn, Christen; Neyt, Jeroen; Benito, Natividad; Abreu, Miguel Araújo; Achermann, Yvonne & Bozhkova, Svetlana [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2023). Guideline for management of septic arthritis in native joints (SANJO). Journal of Bone and Joint Infection (JBJI). 8(1), p. 29–37. doi: 10.5194/jbji-8-29-2023.
• Gladstone, Rebecca Ashley; McNally, Alan; Pöntinen, Anna Kaarina; Tonkin-Hill, Gerry; Lees, John A. & Skytén, Kusti Onni [Show all 29 contributors for this article] (2021). Emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections in Norway in 2002–17: a nationwide, longitudinal, microbial population genomic study. Lancet Microbe. ISSN 2666-5247. 2(7), p. e331–e341. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00031-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The clonal diversity underpinning trends in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the contribution of individual clones to resistance over time, using large-scale genomics-based molecular epidemiology. Methods This was a longitudinal, E coli population, genomic, cohort study that sampled isolates from 22 512 E coli bloodstream infections included in the Norwegian surveillance programme on resistant microbes (NORM) from 2002 to 2017. 15 of 22 laboratories were able to share their isolates, and the first 22·5% of isolates from each year were requested. We used whole genome sequencing to infer the population structure (PopPUNK), and we investigated the clade composition of the dominant multidrug resistant clonal complex (CC)131 using genetic markers previously reported for sequence type (ST)131, effective population size (BEAST), and presence of determinants of antimicrobial resistance (ARIBA, PointFinder, and ResFinder databases) over time. We compared these features between the 2002–10 and 2011–17 time periods. We also compared our results with those of a longitudinal study from the UK done between 2001 and 2011. Findings Of the 3500 isolates requested from the participating laboratories, 3397 (97·1%) were received, of which 3254 (95·8%) were successfully sequenced and included in the analysis. A significant increase in the number of multidrug resistant CC131 isolates from 71 (5·6%) of 1277 in 2002–10 to 207 (10·5%) of 1977 in 2011–17 (p<0·0001), was the largest clonal expansion. CC131 was the most common clone in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive isolates (75 [58·6%] of 128) and fluoroquinolone non-susceptible isolates (148 [39·2%] of 378). Within CC131, clade A increased in prevalence from 2002, whereas the global multidrug resistant clade C2 was not observed until 2007. Multiple de-novo acquisitions of both blaCTX-M ESBL-encoding genes in clades A and C1 and gain of phenotypic fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility across the clade A phylogeny were observed. We estimated that exponential increases in the effective population sizes of clades A, C1, and C2 occurred in the mid-2000s, and in clade B a decade earlier. The rate of increase in the estimated effective population size of clade A (Ne=3147) was nearly ten-times that of C2 (Ne=345), with clade A over-represented in Norwegian CC131 isolates (75 [27·0%] of 278) compared with the UK study (8 [5·4%] of 147 isolates). Interpretation The early and sustained establishment of predominantly antimicrobial susceptible CC131 clade A isolates, relative to multidrug resistant clade C2 isolates, suggests that resistance is not necessary for clonal success. However, even in the low antibiotic use setting of Norway, resistance to important antimicrobial classes has rapidly been selected for in CC131 clade A isolates. This study shows the importance of genomic surveillance in uncovering the complex ecology underlying multidrug resistance dissemination and competition, which have implications for the design of strategies and interventions to control the spread of high-risk multidrug resistant clones.

• Rojahn, Astrid Elisabeth; Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Brunvand, Leif Inge; HANCHE-OLSEN, TERJE PEDER; Schistad, Ole & Æter, Christine Bendixens [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Multiorgan inflammatorisk syndrom assosiert med sars-CoV-2 hos et barn. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 140(11), p. 1–9. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0485.
• Åkerlund, Anna; Jonasson, Emma; Matuschek, Erika; Serrander, Lena; Sundqvist, Martin & Kahlmeter, Gunnar [Show all 49 contributors for this article] (2020). EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) in blood cultures: validation in 55 European laboratories. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. ISSN 0305-7453. 75(11), p. 3230–3238. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa333. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: When bloodstream infections are caused by resistant bacteria, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) is important for adjustment of therapy. The EUCAST RAST method, directly from positive blood cultures, was validated in a multi-laboratory study in Europe. Methods: RAST was performed in 40 laboratories in northern Europe (NE) and 15 in southern Europe (SE) from clinical blood cultures positive for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Categorical results at 4, 6 and 8 h of incubation were compared with results for EUCAST standard 16-20 h disc diffusion. The method, preliminary breakpoints and the performance of the laboratories were evaluated. Results: The total number of isolates was 833/318 in NE/SE. The number of zone diameters that could be read (88%, 96% and 99%) and interpreted (70%, 81% and 85%) increased with incubation time (4, 6 and 8 h). The categorical agreement was acceptable, with total error rates in NE/SE of 2.4%/4.9% at 4 h, 1.1%/3.5% at 6 h and 1.1%/3.3% at 8 h. False susceptibility at 4, 6 and 8 h of incubation was below 0.3% and 1.1% in NE and SE, respectively, and the corresponding percentages for false resistance were below 1.9% and 2.8%. After fine-tuning breakpoints, more zones could be interpreted (73%, 89% and 93%), with only marginally affected error rates. Conclusions: The EUCAST RAST method can be implemented in routine laboratories without major investments. It provides reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for relevant bloodstream infection pathogens after 4-6 h of incubation. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.

• Helset, Elin; Nordøy, Ingvild; Sporsem, Hilde Margrete; Bakke, Victoria Desiree; Bugge, Jan F & Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Factors increasing the risk of inappropriate vancomycin therapy in ICU patients: A prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 64(9), p. 1295–1304. doi: 10.1111/aas.13658. Full text in Research Archive
• Knudsen, Per Kristian; Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Alfsnes, Kristian; Steinbakk, Martin; Abrahamsen, Tore G & Müller, Fredrik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Transfer of a bla CTX-M-1-carrying plasmid between different Escherichia coli strains within the human gut explored by whole genome sequencing analyses. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 8(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18659-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Knudsen, Per Kristian; Brandtzæg, Petter; Høiby, Ernst Arne; Bohlin, Jon; Samuelsen, Ørjan & Steinbakk, Martin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Impact of extensive antibiotic treatment on faecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in children in a low resistance prevalence setting. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 12(11). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187618. Full text in Research Archive
• Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Knudsen, Per Kristian & Høiby, Ernst Arne (2016). A novel Direct MIC-gradient Strip Method to screen for antibiotic-resistant faecal Enterobacteriaceae. Journal of Microbiological Methods. ISSN 0167-7012. 129, p. 94–97. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.007. Show summary

  A novel method to detect resistant faecal Enterobacteriaceae was developed by applying MIC-gradient strips directly onto agar plates inoculated with faeces. The method provided the susceptibility pattern (MICs) of the dominant bacterial population directly on the plates and also detected smaller resistant subpopulations with a sensitivity of 1/105.

• Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Langnes, Belinda; Gaustad, Peter; Ingebretsen, André; Høiby, Ernst Arne & Brandtzaeg, Petter [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Multilocus sequence typing of serial Candida albicans isolates from children with cancer, children with cystic fibrosis and healthy controls. Medical Mycology. ISSN 1369-3786. 50(6), p. 619–626. doi: 10.3109/13693786.2012.675088.
• Kvakkestad, Kristin Marie; Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Brandtzæg, Petter & Høiby, Ernst Arne (2012). Unchanged Antibiotic Susceptibility in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Long-Term in vitro Exposure to Antineoplastic Drugs. Chemotherapy. ISSN 0009-3157. 58(2), p. 118–122. doi: 10.1159/000337058.
• Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Sandven, Per; Høiby, Ernst Arne; Sandvik, Leiv; Brandtzæg, Petter & Gaustad, Peter (2011). Colonization by Candida in children with cancer, children with cystic fibrosis, and healthy controls. Clinical Microbiology and Infection (CMI). ISSN 1198-743X. 17(12), p. 1875–1881. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03528.x.
• Høiby, Ernst Arne; Vestrheim, Didrik Frimann; Caugant, Dominique A & Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger (2008). Bakteriell resistens mot antibiotika. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 128(21), p. 2452–2456.

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• Lindemann, Paul Christoffer; Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Löhr, Iren Høyland; Akselsen, Per Espen; Lindbæk, Morten & Sundsfjord, Arnfinn (2019). Valg av antibiotika - viktig endring i prøvesvar fra mikrobiologen. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 139(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0339.
• Larssen, Kjersti Wik; Skutlaberg, Dag Harald; Johansen, Therese; Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger & Mengshoel, Anne Torunn (2023). Mikrobiologisk diagnostikk av ortopediske infeksjoner: Strategimøte nr. 34, 2021 27. oktober 2021, kl. 09.30 – 16.00 FHI, Marcus Thranes gt 6 . Folkehelseinstituttet. Full text in Research Archive

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