Olav Magnus Søndenå Fredheim

• Fredheim, Olav Magnus Søndenå; Torvund, Solveig Kristine Kolstad; Thoresen, Lisbeth & Magelssen, Morten (2024). How should respiratory depression and loss of airway patency be handled during initiation of palliative sedation? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. doi: 10.1111/aas.14396.
• Gravdahl, Eva-Kristin Norum; Steine, Siri; Augestad, Knut Magne & Fredheim, Olav Magnus Søndenå (2023). Use and safety of peripherally inserted central catheters and midline catheters in palliative care cancer patients: a retrospective review. Supportive Care in Cancer. ISSN 0941-4355. 31. doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-08045-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus Søndenå; Torvund, Solveig Kristine Kolstad & Johansen, Henriette (2023). Mange pasienter med Parkinsons sykdom trenger palliativ behandling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 143(3), p. 212–213. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0743.
• Holmberg, Siril T.; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Gulati, Sasha; Salvesen, Øyvind; Nygaard, Øystein P. & Solberg, Tore K. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Persistent Use of Prescription Opioids Before and After Lumbar Spine Surgery: Observational Study With Prospectively Collected Data From Two Norwegian National Registries. Spine. ISSN 0362-2436. 48(14), p. 969–977. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004710. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Study design. Prospective pharmacoepidemiologic study Objective. To investigate clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with persistent opioid use in the years following spine surgery among patients with persistent opioid use preceding lumbar spine surgery. Summary of background data. It is unknown whether successful spine surgery leads to a cessation of preoperative persistent opioid use. Methods. Data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Norwegian Prescription Database were linked for patients operated for degenerative lumbar spine disorders between 2007 and 2017. The primary outcome measure was persistent opioid use in the second year after surgery. Functional disability was measured with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Factors associated with persistent opioid use in the year before, and two years following, surgery were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The variables included in the analysis were selected based on their demonstrated role in prior studies. Results. The prevalence of persistent opioid use was 8.7% in the year before surgery. Approximately two-thirds of patients also met the criteria for persistent opioid use the second year after surgery. Among patients who did not meet the criteria for persistent opioid use the year before surgery, 991 (3.3%) patients developed persistent opioid use in the second year following surgery. The strongest association was exhibited by high doses of benzodiazepines in the year preceding surgery (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.19, P

• Werff, Hans Fredrik Leendert van der; Michelet, Torstein Hagen; Fredheim, Olav Magnus & Steine, Siri (2022). “Do not resuscitate” order and end-of-life treatment in a cohort of deceased in a Norwegian University Hospital. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 66(8), p. 1009–1015. doi: 10.1111/aas.14104.
• Holmberg, Siril Therese; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana Ondrasova; Salvesen, Øyvind; Nygaard, Øystein Petter & Gulati, Agnete Malm [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Persistent Use of Prescription Opioids Following Lumbar Spine Surgery: Observational Study with Prospectively Collected Data from Two Norwegian Nationwide Registries. Spine. ISSN 0362-2436. 47(8), p. 607–614. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004275. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Study Design. Prospective pharmacoepidemiological study Objective. To investigate the use of prescription opioids two years following degenerative lumbar spine surgery. Summary of Background Data. There are limited data providing details to evaluate patterns of opioid use. The number of patients is often limited and data on opioid use followign some of the most common surgical procedures are lacking. Methods. Data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Norwegian Prescription Database were linked on an individual level. The primary outcome measure was persistent opioid use the second year after surgery. Functional disability was measured with the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Study participants were operated between 2007 and 2017. Results. Among 32886 study participants, 2754 (8.4%) met criteria for persistent opioid use the second year after surgery. Among persistent opioid users in the second year after surgery, 64% met the criteria for persistent opioid use the year preceding surgery. Persistent opioid use the year preceding surgery (OR 31.10, 95% CI 26.9-36.0, P = .001), use of high doses of benzodiazepines (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.30-2.04, P = .001), and use of high doses of z-hypnotics (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.58-2.22, P = .001) the year before surgery were associated with increased risk of persistent opioid use the second year after surgery. A higher ODI score at one year was observed in persistent opioid users compared to non-persistent users (41.5 vs 18.8 points) and there was a significant difference in ODI change (-13.7 points). Patients with persistent opioid use in the year preceding surgery were less likely to achieve a minimal clinically important ODI change at one year compared to non-persistent users (37.7% vs 52.6%, P = .001). Conclusion. Patients with or at risk of developing persistent opioid should be identified and provided counseling and support to taper off opioid treatment.

• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Materstvedt, Lars Johan; Skulberg, Ingeborg M & Magelssen, Morten (2021). Ought the level of sedation to be reduced during deep palliative sedation? A clinical and ethical analysis. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. ISSN 2045-435X. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003081. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Deep palliative sedation (DPS) is applied as a response to refractory suffering at the end of life when symptoms cannot be relieved in an awake state. DPS entails a dilemma of whether to provide uninterrupted sedation—in which case DPS would turn into deep and continuous palliative sedation (DCPS) —to minimise the risk that any further intolerable suffering will occur or whether to pause sedation to avoid unnecessary sedation. DPS is problematic in that it leaves the patient ‘socially dead’ by eradicating their autonomy and conscious experiences. Aim To perform a normative ethical analysis of whether guidelines should recommend attempting to elevate consciousness during DPS. Design A structured analysis based on the four principles of healthcare ethics and consideration of stakeholders’ interests. Results When DPS is initiated it reflects that symptom relief is valued above the patient’s ability to exercise autonomy and experience social interaction. However, if a decrease in symptom burden occurs, waking could be performed without patients experiencing suffering. Such pausing of deep sedation would satisfy the principles of autonomy and beneficence. Certain patients require substantial dose increases to maintain sedation. Waking such patients risks causing distressing symptoms. This does not happen if deep sedation is kept uninterrupted. Thus, the principle of non-maleficence points towards not pausing sedation. The authors’ clinical ethics analysis demonstrates why other stakeholders’ interests do not appear to override arguments in favour of providing uninterrupted sedation. Conclusion Stopping or pausing DPS should always be considered, but should not be routinely attempted.

• Hamina, Aleksi; Handal, Marte; Fredheim, Olav; Clausen, Thomas; Chen, Li-Chia & Skurtveit, Svetlana Ondrasova (2021). Filled prescriptions for opioids among children and adolescents – A nationwide study from 2010 to 2018. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 65(10), p. 1475–1483. doi: 10.1111/aas.13968. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Treatment-free remission (TFR) has emerged as a treatment goal in chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase (CML-CP). Attempts to increase proportion of patients achieving TFR include combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and other drugs. Interferon-α in addition to TKI has shown promising efficacy but with dose-dependent toxicity and discontinuations. NordCML007 was initiated to study the efficacy and safety of low dose pegylated IFN-α (PegIFN-α) in combination with dasatinib (DAS) in CML-CP. Methods Forty patients with newly diagnosed CML-CP were given DAS upfront. After month 3 (M3) 15 μg/wk of PegIFN-α was added and increased to 25 μg/wk from M7 until M15. DAS treatment was continued and adverse events and BCR-ABL1 qRT-PCR values were reported yearly after M24. Results from M1 to M18 have previously been published, and here we present long-term data. Results After 5 years of follow-up, there were no suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions, no increase in serosal effusions, no disease progressions and no CML-related deaths. Rates of MR3.0 (MMR), MR4.0 and MR4.5 were 84.6%, 64.1% and 51.3% respectively at M60, and 95% of patients reached MMR at some point during the study. Conclusion Initial addition of PegIFN-α to DAS shows good long-term efficacy without increased toxicity.

• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana Ondrasova; Sjøgren, Per; Aljabri, Mohammad Belal & Hjellvik, Vidar (2021). Prescriptions of analgesics during chronic cancer disease trajectories: A complete national cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. ISSN 1053-8569. 30(11), p. 1504–1513. doi: 10.1002/pds.5329. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Pain management principles vary considerably between chronic noncancer, acute and cancer pain. Cancer patients responding to oncological treatment may live with low tumor burden for years. Opioid treatment should reflect that the ratio between benefits and risks in these patients is different from patients with a rapidly progressive disease. Our study investigated the prescription patterns of analgesics in patients who died 6 to 9 years after cancer diagnosis. Patients and methods A pharmaco-epidemiological study based on the Norwegian Prescription Database and Cancer Registry of Norway. The 1-year periodic prevalence of receiving different analgesics and of persistent opioid use were analyzed. Persistent opioid use was defined as >365 Defined Daily Doses or >9000 mg Oral Morphine Equivalents during 365 days with prescriptions in all quarters of the 365 days period. Data were reported for the first 7 years for patients who lived 8–9 years after cancer diagnosis (N = 1502), while for patients who lived 6–7 years (N = 3817) data was reported for the first 5 years after diagnosis. Results Compared to age- and gender adjusted general population, the 1-year periodic prevalence of opioid prescription was doubled the first year after diagnosis and remained raised with approximately 50%. The prevalence of persistent opioid use was threefold of the general population. Approximately 55% of patients with persistent opioid use 4 years after a cancer diagnosis were co-medicated with high doses of benzodiazepines and/or benzodiazepine-related hypnotics. Conclusion The findings of increased opioid use raise concerns regarding whether the benefits outweigh risks and side effects in this population.

• Gustad, Kristine Espengren; Askjer, Åsta; Nortvedt, Per; Fredheim, Olav Magnus & Magelssen, Morten (2020). Refractory suffering at the end of life and the assisted dying debate: An interview study with palliative care nurses and doctors. Clinical Ethics. ISSN 1477-7509. doi: 10.1177/1477750920946613. Full text in Research Archive
• Holmberg, Siril Therese; Salvesen, Øyvind; Vangen-Lønne, Vetle; Hara, Sozaburo; Fredheim, Olav Magnus & Solberg, Tore [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Pain During Sex Before and After Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation - A Multicenter Observational Study. Spine. ISSN 0362-2436. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003675. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skulberg, Ingeborg M; Magelssen, Morten & Steine, Siri (2020). Clinical and ethical aspects of palliative sedation with propofol—A retrospective quantitative and qualitative study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. p. 1319–1326. doi: 10.1111/aas.13665. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Loge, Jon Håvard; Sjøgren, Per; Handal, Marte & Hjellvik, Vidar (2020). Prescription of analgesics to long-term survivors of cancer in early adulthood, adolescence and childhood in Norway: a national cohort study. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 161(5), p. 1083–1091. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001800. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus & Magelssen, Morten (2019). Etiske dilemmaer ved suicidalitet hos pasienter med kort forventet levetid. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 139(16), p. 1574–1578. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0157. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Handal, Marte & Hjellvik, Vidar (2019). A complete national cohort study of prescriptions of analgesics and benzodiazepines to cancer survivors in Norway 10 years after diagnosis. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 160(4), p. 852–859. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001459. Full text in Research Archive
• Birke, Hanne; Ekholm, Ola; Sjøgren, Per; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Clausen, Thomas & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2019). Tramadol use in Norway: A register-based population study. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. ISSN 1053-8569. 28(1), p. 54–61. doi: 10.1002/pds.4626. Full text in Research Archive
• Nøstdal, Torkjell; Bernklev, Tomm; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Paddison, Johanna S. & Ræder, Johan (2018). Defining the cut-off point of clinically significant postoperative fatigue in three common fatigue scales . Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. doi: 10.1007/s11136-018-2068-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2017). Utlevering av analgetika til barn f?r og etter nye anbefalinger om kodein. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 137(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0717.
• Nøstdal, Torkjell; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Bernklev, Tomm; Doksrød, Tron Simen; Mohus, Randi Marie & Ræder, Johan (2017). A randomised controlled trial of propofol vs. thiopentone and desflurane for fatigue after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anaesthesia. ISSN 0003-2409. 72(7), p. 864–869. doi: 10.1111/anae.13909.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus Søndenå; Brelin, Siri; Hjermstad, Marianne Jensen; Loge, Jon Håvard; Aass, Nina Kathrine & Johannessen, Tom Børge [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Prescriptions of analgesics during complete disease trajectories in patients who are diagnosed with and die from cancer within the five-year period 2005-2009. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 21(3), p. 530–540. doi: 10.1002/ejp.956.
• Brelin, Siri; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Loge, Jon Håvard; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Johannesen, Tom Børge & Aass, Nina Kathrine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Opioids for outpatients with cancer in their last year of life: A nationwide pharmacoepidemiological study. Journal of Opioid Management. ISSN 1551-7489. 12(1), p. 25–36. doi: 10.5055/jom.2016.0309.
• Mellbye, Andreas; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2016). Hva vet vi om bruken av opioider ved ikke-malign smerte? : resultater fra studier basert på Reseptregisteret 2004-2014. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1935. 124(3), p. 25–30.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud; Haugen, Guttorm & Magelssen, Morten (2016). Bør man kunne tilby keisersnitt ved trisomi 13 og 18? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 136(7), p. 630–632. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0037.
• Nøstdal, Torkjell; Bernklev, Tomm; Ræder, Johan; Sandvik, Leiv & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2016). Postoperative fatigue translation and validation of a revised 10-item short form of the Identity-Consequence Fatigue Scale (ICFS). Journal of Psychosomatic Research. ISSN 0022-3999. 84, p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.002.
• Mellbye, Andreas; Karlstad, Øystein; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2016). The duration and course of opioid therapy in patients with chronic non-malignant pain. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 60(1), p. 128–137. doi: 10.1111/aas.12594.
• Hansen, Anneli Borge; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Dale, Ola; Romundstad, Pål Richard & Mahic, Milada [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Consumption of and satisfaction with health care among opioid users with chronic non-malignant pain. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 59(10), p. 1355–1366. doi: 10.1111/aas.12568.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Mahic, Milada; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2015). Use of nasal fentanyl for cancer pain: A pharmacoepidemiological study. Palliative Medicine. ISSN 0269-2163. 29(7), p. 661–666. doi: 10.1177/0269216315575252.
• Dale, Ola; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Mahic, Milada; Romundstad, Pål Richard & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2015). Prevalence of use of non-prescription analgesics in the Norwegian HUNT3 population: Impact of gender, age, exercise and prescription of opioids. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 15. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1774-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Pedersen, Line & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2015). Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: Still no evidence for superiority of sustained-release opioids. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. ISSN 0009-9236. 97(2), p. 114–115. doi: 10.1002/cpt.26.
• Mahic, Milada; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2014). Use of prescribed opioids by children and adolescents: Differences between Denmark, Norway and Sweden. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 19(8), p. 1095–1100. doi: 10.1002/ejp.632.
• Pedersen, Line; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Riphagen, Ingrid Ingeborg & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2014). Long- or short-acting opioids for chronic non-malignant pain? A qualitative systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 58(4), p. 390–401. doi: 10.1111/aas.12279.
• Pedersen, Line; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Breivik, Harald & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2014). A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy comparison of short- and long-acting dihydrocodeine in chronic non-malignant pain. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 155(5), p. 881–888. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.016.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Mahic, Milada; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Dale, Ola; Romundstad, Pål Richard & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2014). Chronic pain and use of opioids: A population-based pharmacoepidemiological study from the Norwegian Prescription Database and the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 155(7), p. 1213–1221. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.03.009.
• Svendsen, Kristian; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2014). Persistent opioid use and socio-economic factors: A population-based study in Norway. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 58(4), p. 437–445. doi: 10.1111/aas.12281.
• Mellbye, Andreas; Karlstad, Øystein; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2014). Co-morbidity in persistent opioid users with chronic non-malignant pain in Norway. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 18(8), p. 1083–1093. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.00449.x.
• Skollerud, Lars Morten; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Svendsen, Kristian; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2013). Laxative prescriptions to cancer outpatients receiving opioids: a study from the Norwegian prescription database. Supportive Care in Cancer. ISSN 0941-4355. 21(1), p. 67–73. doi: 10.1007/s00520-012-1494-8.
• Fredheim, Olav; Borchgrevink, Petter; Mahic, Milada & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2013). A pharmacoepidemiological cohort study of subjects starting strong opioids for nonmalignant pain: A study from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 154(11), p. 2487–2493. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.033.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus & Materstvedt, Lars Johan (2012). Behandlingsbegrensning på operasjonsstuen? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. p. 1361–1363. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.1517. Show summary

  Når man under en akutt operasjon innser at pasienten ikke kan kureres og har svært kort forventet levetid, reises viktige spørsmål om avslutning av behandling. Vi drøfter her kliniske og etiske aspekter ved en slik situasjon, særlig om det bør være et mål at pasienten får anledning til å gjenvinne bevisstheten.

• Mellbye, Andreas; Svendsen, Kristian; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2012). Concomitant medication among persistent opioid users with chronic non-malignant pain. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 56(10), p. 1267–1276. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02766.x.
• Pedersen, Line; Hansen, Anneli Borge; Svendsen, Kristian; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2012). Analgetika med refusjon ved kroniske smerter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 132(22), p. 2489–2493. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.1214.
• Svendsen, Kristian; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2012). Differential patterns of opioid use: Defining persistent opioid use in a prescription database. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 16(3), p. 359–369. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00018.x.
• Rognstad, May Karin; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Johannessen, Tone E.Brenne; Kvarstein, Gunnvald; Skauge, Marta & Undall, Eva [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Attitudes, beliefs and self-reported competence about postoperative pain among physicians and nurses working on surgical wards. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. ISSN 0283-9318. 26(3), p. 545–552. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00964.x.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Husby, Kristin Moksnes; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2012). Opioid switching to methadone: A pharmacoepidemiological study from a national prescription database. Palliative Medicine. ISSN 0269-2163. 26(6), p. 804–812. doi: 10.1177/0269216311412415.
• Nordbø, Arve; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Kaasa, Stein & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2012). Low-dose transdermal buprenorphine - long-term use and co-medication with other potentially addictive drugs. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 56(1), p. 88–94. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02537.x.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Kvarstein, Gunnvald; Undall, Eva; Stubhaug, Audun; Rustøen, Tone & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2011). Postoperativ smerte hos pasienter innlagt i norske sykehus. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 18(131), p. 1763–1767. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.10.1129.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Kvarstein, Gunnvald (2011). Behandling av postoperativ smerte i sykehus. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 131(18), p. 1772–1776. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.10.1184.
• Svendsen, Kristian; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Hamunen, K; Melbye, Arne Christian & Dale, Ola (2011). Choosing the unit of measurement counts: The use of oral morphine equivalents in studies of opioid consumption is a useful addition to defined daily doses. Palliative Medicine. ISSN 0269-2163. 25(7), p. 725–732. doi: 10.1177/0269216311398300.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Nordstrand, Berit; Clausen, Thomas & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2011). Prescription of analgesics to patients in opioid maintenance therapy: A pharmacoepidemiological study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. ISSN 0376-8716. 116(1-3), p. 158–162. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.014.
• Skurtveit, Svetlana; Furu, Kari; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Handal, Marte & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2011). To what extent does a cohort of new users of weak opioids develop persistent or probable problematic opioid use? Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 152(7), p. 1555–1561. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.045.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Nøstdahl, Torkjell; Nordstrand, Berit; Høivik, Tone Gulli; Rygnestad, Tarjei & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Behandling av akutte smerter under legemiddelassistert rehabilitering. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 130(7), p. 738–740.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Dale, Ola; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Morfin eller oksykodon tabletter mot smerter? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 130(15), p. 1479–1481. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.1143.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus S; Skurtveit, Svetlana ; Breivik, Harald & Borchgrevink, Petter C (2010). Increasing use of opioids from 2004 to 2007-Pharmacoepidemiological data from a complete national prescription database in Norway. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 14(3), p. 289–294. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.05.006.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus S; Log, Tomas; Olsen, Wenche; Skurtveit, Svetlana ; Sagen, Øystein & Borchgrevink, Petter C (2010). Prescriptions of opioids to children and adolescents; a study from a national prescription database in Norway. Pediatric Anaesthesia. ISSN 1155-5645. 20(6), p. 537–544. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03310.x.
• Fredheim, OM; Skurtveit, Svetlana ; Moroz, A; Breivik, H & Borchgrevink, PC (2009). Prescription pattern of codeine for non-malignant pain: a pharmacoepidemiological study from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 53(5), p. 627–633. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01910.x.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Moksnes, Kristin; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Kaasa, Stein & Dale, Ola (2008). Clinical pharmacology of methadone for pain. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 52(7), p. 879–889. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01597.x.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Kaasa, Stein; Fayers, Peter; Saltnes, Turid; Jordhøy, Marit S & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2008). Chronic non-malignant pain patients report as poor health-related quality of life as palliative cancer patients. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 52(1), p. 143–148. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01524.x.
• Husby, Kristin Moksnes; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Klepstad, Pål; Kaasa, Stein; Angelsen, Anders & Nilsen, Turid [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Early pharmacokinetics of nasal fentanyl: is there a significant arterio-venous difference? European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. ISSN 0031-6970. 64(5), p. 497–502. doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0444-8.

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• Materstvedt, Lars Johan & Fredheim, Olav Magnus Søndenå (2023). Lindrende sedering er avansert helsehjelp til døende. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2019). Smertebehandling ved kronisk kreftsykdom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 139(13). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0226.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2018). Smertebehandling hos kreftpasienter i legemiddelassistert rehabilitering. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 138(2). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0171.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud; Haugen, Guttorm & Magelssen, Morten (2016). O. Fredheim og medarbeidere svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 136(10), p. 893–893. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0440.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud; Haugen, Guttorm & Magelssen, Morten (2016). Re: Keisersnitt ved trisomi 13 og 18 - en verdibasert vurdering :. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 136(14/15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0660.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud; Haugen, Guttorm & Magelssen, Morten (2016). O. Fredheim og medarbeidere svarer :. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 136(11), p. 980–981. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0488.
• Hansen, AB; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Skurtveit, S; Romundstad, Pål Richard & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2016). Consumption of and satisfaction with health care among opioid users with chronic non-malignant pain. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 60(2). doi: 10.1111/aas.12645.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2014). Et forsvar for det uforsvarlige . [Newspaper]. Morgenbladet.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2011). Forekomst av postoperativ smerte.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2011). Dødshjelp er ikke livshjelp. Vårt land. ISSN 0805-5424. p. 18–18.
• Magelssen, Morten & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2011). Når bør leger ha reservasjonsrett? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 131(24), p. 2518–2519.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus & Magelssen, Morten (2011). Hvorfor reservasjonsrett for helsepersonell? Stavanger Aftenblad. ISSN 0804-8991.
• Skurtveit, Svetlana; Furu, Kari; Handal, Marte; Borchgrevin, Petter & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2011). To Which Extent Does a Cohort of New Users of Weak Opioids Develop Persistent or Probable Problematic Opioid Use? Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. ISSN 1053-8569. 20, p. S223–S223.
• Magelssen, Morten & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2011). En åndelig dimensjon er viktig for mange pasienter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 131(2), p. 138–140. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.10.0924.
• Magelssen, Morten & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2010). Det bestes fiende. Vårt land. ISSN 0805-5424. Show summary

  Om argumenter i surrogatidebatten

• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Nordstrand, Berit; Clausen, Thomas & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2010). Prescription of analgesics to patients in opioid maintenance therapy - a pharmacoepidemiological study.
• Nordbø, Arve; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Kaasa, Stein & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2010). Is transdermal buprenorphine for chronic non-malignant pain used long term without co-medication with other potentially addictive drugs?
• Skurtveit, Svetlana; Furu, Kari; Handal, Marte; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2010). To which extent does incident and persistent use of weak opioids predict problematic opioid use?
• Svendsen, Kristian; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Fredheim, Olav Magnus & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2010). How are opioids used in Norway? Persistent use, utilization of depot formulation and age profile in non-palliation patients.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald; Svendsen, Kristian; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Cancer patients acount for only 3% of patients receiving opioids in Norway. Palliative Medicine. ISSN 0269-2163. 24(4).
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald; Svendsen, Kristian; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). A revision of EAPC and WHO three step analgesic ladder may be needed. Palliative Medicine. ISSN 0269-2163. 24(4).
• Svendsen, Kristian; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2010). Defining persistent opioid use from prescription registries.
• Svendsen, Kristian; Moroz, Anna; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Longitudinal study of new non-cancer users of prescribed strong opioids.
• Mellbye, Andreas; Svendsen, Kristian; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Low persistent use of prescription opioids in Norway but high degree of co-medication with anxiolytics and hypnotics.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Log, Tomas; Olsen, Walther; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Sagen, Øystein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Prescriptions of opioids to children and adolescents; a study from a national prescription database in Norway.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Svendsen, Kristian; Mellbye, Andreas; Hamunen, Katri; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Dale, Ola (2010). Monitoring the opioid consumption: morphine-equivalent defined daily dose as a supplement to DDD.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald; Svendsen, Kristian; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). A revision of EAPC and WHO three step analgesic ladder may be needed.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald; Svendsen, Kristian; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Cancer patients acount for only 3% of patients receiving opioids in Norway.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2010). Sjekklister – ikke bare for nevrotikere. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 130(21), p. 2155–2155.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2010). Muskelfysiologi og kronisk smerte. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 130(22), p. 2271–2272.
• Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Fors, Egil Andreas; Holen, Are & Stiles, Tore C (2009). Hva er sammensatte lidelser? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 129(13), p. 1368–1368.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Breivik, Harald & Ødegaard, Raida (2009). Lengevirkende versus langtidsvirkende. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 129, p. 547–547.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Breivik, Harald (2009). Olav Magnus S. Fredheim og medarbeidere svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 129, p. 904–905.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2009). 2000 nordmenn har et Paralgin-problem. [Newspaper]. VG.
• Svendsen, Kristian; Mellbye, Andreas; Hamunen, Katri; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Dale, Ola (2009). Monitoring the opioid consumption: Morphine-equivalent defined daily dose as a supplement to DDD.
• Svendsen, Kristian; Mellbye, Andreas; Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Rønning, Marit & Skurtveit, Svetlana [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Monitoring the opioid consumption: Morphine-equivalent defined daily dose as a supplement to DDD.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Breivik, Harald (2008). Nye begreper knyttet til opioidbehandling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 128, p. 2626–2626.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2008). Health related quality of life assessment and aspects of the clinical pharmacology of methadone in patients with chronic non-malignant pain. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 52, p. 159–160.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Landmark, Tormod; Schjødt, Borrik & Breivik, Harald (2008). Et nytt skjema for kartlegging av smerter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 128(18), p. 2082–2084.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter; Landmark, Tormod; Schjødt, Borrik & Breivik, Harald (2008). A new schedule for the inventory of pain. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 128(18), p. 2082–2084.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2008). Er vaksiner for dyre? Bokanmeldelse av ”Økonomi på trikken” (2007) av Erling Røed Larsen. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 128, p. 958–958.
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2008). Bokanmeldelse av ”Pain management for older adults” (2008) av Hadjistavropoulos T, Hadjistavropoulos HD, red. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 128, p. 2630–2630.
• Henriksen, Joachim & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2008). Pasienter med kroniske smerter har livskvalitet på nivå med døende kreftpasienter. [Newspaper]. Dagens Medisin.

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