Runar Almaas

• Harrison, Sean Philip; Baumgarten, Saphira Felicitas; Chollet Dugarte, Maria Eugenia; Stavik, Benedicte; Bhattacharya, Anindita & Almaas, Runar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Parenteral nutrition emulsion inhibits CYP3A4 in an iPSC derived liver organoids testing platform. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. ISSN 0277-2116. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.12195.
• Rieneck, Klaus; Rasmussen, Karen Koefoed; Schoof, Erwin M.; Clausen, Frederik Banch; Holze, Henrietta & Bergholt, Thomas [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). Hunting for the elusive target antigen in gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 18(10), p. 1–25. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286432. Full text in Research Archive
• Lin, Xiaolin; Wang, Wei; Yang, Mingyi; Damseh, Nadirah; Sousa, Mirta & Jacob, Fadi [Show all 29 contributors for this article] (2023). A loss-of-function mutation in human Oxidation Resistance 1 disrupts the spatial–temporal regulation of histone arginine methylation in neurodevelopment. Genome Biology. ISSN 1465-6906. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s13059-023-03037-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Harrison, Sean Philip; Siller, Richard; Tanaka, Yoshiaki; Chollet Dugarte, Maria Eugenia; de la Morena-Barrio, María Eugenia & Xiang, Yangfei [Show all 36 contributors for this article] (2023). Scalable production of tissue-like vascularized liver organoids from human PSCs. Experimental and Molecular Medicine. ISSN 1226-3613. 55, p. 2005–2024. doi: 10.1038/s12276-023-01074-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Almaas, Runar; Atneosen-Åsegg, Monica; Ytre-Arne, Mari Eknes; Melheim, Maria; Sorte, Hanne Sørmo & Cízková, Dana [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). Aagenaes syndrome/lymphedema cholestasis syndrome 1 is caused by a founder variant in the 5’-untranslated region of UNC45A. Journal of Hepatology. ISSN 0168-8278. 79(4), p. 945–954. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.037. Full text in Research Archive
• Haflidadottir, Svanhildur; Østensen, Inger Anniken Bjørnstad; Matthews, Iren; Line, Pål Dag & Almaas, Runar (2022). Mycophenolate mofetil use is associated with reduced incidence of food allergy in liver transplanted children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. ISSN 0277-2116. 75(2), p. 138–144. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003509.
• Østensen, Inger Anniken Bjørnstad; Skarbø, Anne-Britt; Sanengen, Truls; Line, Pål Dag & Almaas, Runar (2022). Impaired Neurocognitive Performance in Children After Liver Transplantation. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.033. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives To assess longitudinal neurocognitive development after liver transplantation and evaluate factors associated with neurocognitive performance. Study design Data from neurocognitive testing of 65 children (aged <18 years) who underwent liver transplantation at Oslo University Hospital between 1995 and 2018 were collected from the testing program after transplantation. The parent-reported version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function was used to assess executive function. Results A total of 104 neurocognitive tests were conducted on 65 patients. At the first test, conducted at a median of 4.1 years (IQR, 1.5-5.3 years) after transplantation and at a median age of 6.7 years (IQR, 5.4-10.5 years), the mean full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was 91.7 ± 14, and the mean verbal comprehension index was 92.0 ± 14.5. In the 30 patients tested more than once, there was no significant difference in FSIQ between the first test at a median age of 5.8 years (IQR, 5.2-8.5 years) and the last test at a median age of 10.8 years (IQR, 9.8-12.9 years) (87.4 ± 12.9 vs 88.5 ± 13.2; P = .58). Compared with the patients who underwent transplantation a age >1 year (n = 35), those who did so at age <1 year (n = 30) had a lower FSIQ (87.1 ± 12.6 vs 96.6 ± 13.8; P = .005) and lower verbal comprehension index (87.3 ± 13.8 vs 95.4 ± 13.0; P = .020). Age at transplantation (P = .005; adjusted for cholestasis: P = .038) and transfusion of >80 mL/kg (P = .004; adjusted for age at transplantation: P = .046) were associated with FSIQ. Conclusions Young age at transplantation and large blood transfusions during transplantation are risk factors for poor neurocognitive performance later in life. Children who undergo transplantation before 1 year of age have significantly lower neurocognitive performance compared with those who do so later in childhood. Cognitive performance did not improve over time after transplantation.

• Thrane, Karl Julius; Müller, Lil-Sofie Ording; Suther, Lene Kathrine R; Thomassen, Kristian Stien; Holmstrøm, Henrik & Thaulow, Erik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Spectrum of Fontan‑associated liver disease assessed by MRI and US in young adolescents. Abdominal Radiology. ISSN 2366-004X. 46, p. 3205–3216. doi: 10.1007/s00261-021-02994-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Harrison, Sean; Siller, Richard; Tanaka, Yoshiaki; Xiang, Yangfei; Patterson, Benjamin & Kempf, Henning [Show all 29 contributors for this article] (2020). Scalable production of tissue-like vascularised liver organoids from human PSCs. bioRxiv. ISSN 2692-8205. doi: 10.1101/2020.12.02.406835.
• Bjørnland, Kristin; Hukkinen, Maria; Gatzinsky, Vladimir; Arnell, Henrik; Pakarinen, Mikko & Almaas, Runar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Partial Biliary Diversion May Promote Long-Term Relief of Pruritus and Native Liver Survival in Children with Cholestatic Liver Diseases. European journal of pediatric surgery. ISSN 0939-7248. p. 1–6. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714657. Full text in Research Archive
• Haflidadottir, Svanhildur; Matthews, Iren & Almaas, Runar (2020). Cytokine profile in children with food allergy following liver transplantation. Pediatric Transplantation. ISSN 1397-3142. 24(2), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1111/petr.13657. Full text in Research Archive
• de Lange, Charlotte; Thrane, Karl Julius; Thomassen, Kristian Stien; Geier, Oliver; Nguyen, Bac & Tomterstad, Anders [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Hepatic magnetic resonance T1-mapping and extracellular volume fraction compared to shear-wave elastography in pediatric Fontan-associated liver disease. Pediatric Radiology. ISSN 0301-0449. 51, p. 66–76. doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04805-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Atneosen-Åsegg, Monica; Melheim, Maria & Almaas, Runar (2020). MicroRNA in dried blood spots from patients with Aagenaes syndrome and evaluation of pre-analytical and analytical factors. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01153-3.
• Thorsteinsdottir, Hjørdis; Salvador, Cathrin Lytomt; Mjøen, Geir; Lie, Anine; Sugulle, Meryam & Tøndel, Camilla [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease and after Renal Transplantation. Disease Markers. ISSN 0278-0240. 2020:6162892, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1155/2020/6162892. Full text in Research Archive
• Åsberg, Anders; Bjerre, Anna Kristina; Almaas, Runar; Luis-Lima, Sergio; Robertsen, Ida & Salvador, Cathrin Lytomt [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Measured GFR by Utilizing Population Pharmacokinetic Methods to Determine Iohexol Clearance. Kidney International Reports. ISSN 2468-0249. 5(2), p. 189–198. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.11.012. Full text in Research Archive
• Diab, Simone; Godang, Kristin; Müller, Lil-Sofie Ording; Almaas, Runar; de Lange, Charlotte & Brunvand, Leif [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Progressive loss of bone mass in children with Fontan circulation. Congenital Heart Disease. ISSN 1747-079X. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/chd.12848.
• Almaas, Runar; Haflidadottir, Svanhildur; Kaldestad, Runa Helen & Matthews, Iren (2018). Asthma, Eczema, and Food Allergy in Children Following Liver Transplantation. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.050.
• Pakarinen, Mikko; Johansen, Lars Søndergaard; Svensson, Jan F.; Bjørnland, Kristin; Gatzinsky, Vladimir & Stenström, Pernilla [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2018). Outcomes of biliary atresia in the Nordic countries – a multicenter study of 158 patients during 2005–2016. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. ISSN 0022-3468. 53(8), p. 1509–1515. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.048. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnland, Kristin; Hinna, Maren Tveit; Aksnes, Gunnar; Stensrud, Kjetil Juul; Ertresvåg, Kjetil & Østensen, Inger Anniken Bjørnstad [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Outcome for biliary atresia patients treated at a low-volume centre. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 53(4), p. 471–474. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1439097. Full text in Research Archive
• Østensen, Inger Anniken Bjørnstad; Sanengen, Truls; Holter, Ellen; Line, Pål Dag & Almaas, Runar (2017). No effect of treatment with intravenous ganciclovir on Epstein-Barr virus viremia demonstrated after pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatric Transplantation. ISSN 1397-3142. 21(6). doi: 10.1111/petr.13010.
• Mathapati, Santosh Sadashiv; Siller, Richard; Impellizzeri, Agata Antonina Rita; Lycke, Eric Maximilian; Vegheim, Karianne & Almaas, Runar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Small-molecule-directed hepatocyte-like cell differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Current protocols in stem cell biology. ISSN 1941-7322. 38, p. 1G.6.1–1G.6.18. doi: 10.1002/cpsc.13.
• Almaas, Runar; Jensen, Unn; Loennecken, Marianne; Tveter, Anne Therese; Sanengen, Truls & Scholz, Tim [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Impaired motor competence in children with transplanted liver. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. ISSN 0277-2116. 60(6), p. 723–728. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000757.
• Stølen, Linn Helene; Lilje, Rina; Jørgensen, Jens Veilemand; Bliksrud, Yngve Thomas & Almaas, Runar (2014). High Dietary Folic Acid and High Plasma Folate in Children and Adults with Phenylketonuria. JIMD Reports. ISSN 2192-8304. 13, p. 83–90. doi: 10.1007/8904_2013_260.
• Westheim, Birgitte Hamre; Aagenæs, Ingegerd; Østensen, Anniken Bjørnstad; Sanengen, Truls & Almaas, Runar (2013). Effect of Operator Experience and Frequency of Procedure Performance on Complication Rate After Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Liver Biopsies. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. ISSN 0277-2116. 57(5), p. 638–643. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182a0c7a5.
• Haugaa, Håkon; Almaas, Runar; Thorgersen, Ebbe Billmann; Foss, Aksel; Line, Pål Dag & Sanengen, Truls [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2013). Clinical experience with microdialysis catheters in pediatric liver transplants. Liver transplantation. ISSN 1527-6465. 19(3), p. 305–314. doi: 10.1002/lt.23578.
• Haugaa, Håkon; Thorgersen, Ebbe Billmann; Pharo, Anne Margrethe; Boberg, Kirsten Muri; Foss, Aksel & Line, Pål Dag [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2012). Inflammatory markers sampled by microdialysis catheters distinguish rejection from ischemia in liver grafts. Liver transplantation. ISSN 1527-6465. 18(12), p. 1421–1429. doi: 10.1002/lt.23503.
• Westheim, Birgitte Hamre; Østensen, Anniken Bjørnstad; Aagenæs, Ingegerd; Sanengen, Truls & Almaas, Runar (2012). Evaluation of Risk Factors for Bleeding After Liver Biopsy in Children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. ISSN 0277-2116. 55(1), p. 82–87. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318249c12a.
• Haugaa, Håkon; Thorgersen, Ebbe Billmann; Pharo, Anne Margrethe; Boberg, Kirsten Muri; Foss, Aksel & Line, Pål Dag [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2012). Early bedside detection of ischemia and rejection in liver transplants by microdialysis. Liver transplantation. ISSN 1527-6465. 18(7), p. 839–849. doi: 10.1002/lt.23425.
• Almaas, Runar; Hankø, Erik; Mollnes, Tom Eirik & Rootwelt, Terje (2012). Dexamethasone reduces bilirubin-induced toxicity and IL-8 and MCP-1 release in human NT2-N neurons. Brain Research. ISSN 0006-8993. 1458, p. 12–17. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.007.
• Hankø, Erik; Hansen, Thor Willy ; Almaas, Runar; Paulsen, Ragnhild Elisabeth & Rootwelt, Terje (2006). Synergistic Protection of a General Caspase Inhibitor and MK-801 in Bilirubin-Induced Cell Death in Human NT2-N Neurons. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 59(1), p. 72–77. doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000191135.6358. Show summary

  Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) induces both apoptosis and necrosis in neurons. To investigate the role of caspases and excitotoxicity in UCB-induced cell death, we exposed NT2-N neurons to 5 µM UCB (a concentration known to induce apoptosis) or 2 µM staurosporine (positive apoptosis control) and investigated the effects of treatments with the specific caspase-3 inhibitor, zDEVD.FMK (20 and 100 µM), or the general caspase inhibitor, zVAD.FMK (20 and 100 µM), and/or the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 (10 µM) during a 24- or 48-h exposure. UCB increased caspase-3 activity 2.3-fold after 6 h. Despite this, treatment with zDEVD.FMK did not prevent cell death. zVAD.FMK (100 µM only) reduced apoptotic morphologies induced by UCB after 48 h, however, this effect was not reflected in MTT assays. MK-801 attenuated UCB-induced cell death after 24 h, but not significantly after 48 h. Similar effects were seen in the MTT assay. Combined treatment with MK-801 and zVAD.FMK synergistically reduced apoptotic morphologies after 24 and 48 h. MTT assays showed comparable effects after 24 h but did not show significant differences after 48 h. We conclude that NMDA receptor-mediated pathways and caspase-mediated pathways are involved in UCB-induced cell death in human NT2-N neurons. Concomitant inhibition of both pathways results in synergistic protection

• Hankø, Erik; Hansen, Thor Willy ; Almaas, Runar & Rootwelt, Terje (2006). Recovery after short-term bilirubin exposure in human NT2-N neurons. Brain Research. ISSN 0006-8993. 1103(1), p. 56–64. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.083. Show summary

  We used human NT2-N neurons to investigate delayed effects of short-term exposure to unconjugated bilirubin (UCB). Cell viability was evaluated with MTT reduction assays and nuclear morphology. A 6-h exposure to 1, 5, or 25 μM UCB and serum deprivation (SED) significantly diminished MTT reduction. 96 h after rescue of neurons with removal of UCB and re-incubation in the original serum-containing medium, delayed effects were evident as recovery (1 μM UCB), intermediate cell death (5 μM UCB), or near complete cell death (25 μM UCB). The impact of 6 h of SED alone appeared to be modest in rescued neurons. In this model, co-treatment with the specific caspase-3 inhibitor, zDEVD.FMK (100 μM), or the pancaspase inhibitor zVAD.FMK (100 μM) did not improve viability in rescued neurons exposed to 5 μM UCB, while treatment with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (1 μM) enhanced the number of undamaged nuclei (86 ± 14% versus 50 ± 12%, P = 0.001). MK-801 had, however, no impact on MTT reduction. In a different model with a 102-h continuous exposure to UCB and SED, we found a significant additional toxic impact of serum deprivation. Separate experiments suggested that this was a result of late caspase-mediated toxicity. We conclude that UCB-mediated effects may be reversible in this model. Blockade of excitotoxic mechanisms, but not caspase activity may prevent delayed cell death.

• Frøyland, Elisabeth; Pedersen, Elena Didenko; Kvissel, Anne Katrine; Almaas, R; Pharo, Anne Margrethe & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2006). Effect of acidosis on IL-8 and MCP-1 during hypoxia and reoxygenation in human NT2-N neurons. Brain Research. ISSN 0006-8993. 1113, p. 64–73.
• Ghanima, Waleed; Almaas, Vibeke Marie; Aballi, S; Dörje, C; Nielssen, BE & Holmen, LO [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2005). Management of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) by D-dimer and multi-slice computed tomography in outpatients: an outcome study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. ISSN 1538-7933. 3(9), p. 1926–1932. Show summary

  Objectives: A prospective outcome study designed to evaluate a simple strategy for the management of outpatients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), based on clinical probability, D-dimer, and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Methods: A cohort of 432 consecutive patients admitted to the emergency department with suspected PE was managed by sequential non-invasive testing. Patients in whom PE was ruled out were not given anticoagulants, but were followed-up for 3 months. Results: Normal D-dimer and low-intermediate clinical probability ruled out PE in 103 patients (24% [95% CI 20-28]). 17 patients had normal D-dimer, but high clinical probability and proceeded to MSCT. All patients proved negative for PE. A total of 329 (76%) patients underwent MSCT examination. PE was diagnosed in 93 patients (21.5% [95% CI 18-26]) and was ruled out by negative MSCT in 221 patients (51% [95% CI 46-56]). MSCT scans were determined as inconclusive in 15 (4.5%) patients. No patient developed objectively verified venous thromboembolism (VTE) during the 3-month follow-up period. However, the cause of death was adjudicated as possibly related to PE in two patients, resulting in an overall 3-month VTE risk of 0.6% (95% CI 0-2.2%). The diagnostic algorithm yielded a definite diagnosis in 96.5% of the patients. Conclusions: This simple and non-invasive strategy, combining clinical probability, D-dimer, and MSCT for the management of outpatients with suspected PE appears to be safe and effective.

• Ellingsrud, Elisabeth; Wibrand, F.; Almaas, Runar; Dalen, Ingvild; Lindstad, Julie K. & Rootwelt, Terje (2005). Acidosis during reoxygenation has an early detrimental effect on neuronal metabolic activity. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 57(4), p. 488–493. doi: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000155946.8223. Show summary

  We recently showed that acidosis is protective during hypoxia and detrimental during reoxygenation. We hypothesized that the detrimental effect of acidosis during reoxygenation was due to a negative effect on mitochondrial function. Human postmitotic NT2-N neurons were exposed to 3 h of hypoxia and glucose deprivation and then reoxygenated for 0, 1, 4, 9, or 21 h. The detrimental effect of acidotic reoxygenation on metabolic activity was evident already after 1 h of reoxygenation, when MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reduction (percentage of normoxic controls) was significantly higher in cells reoxygenated with neutral compared with acidotic medium both after acidotic hypoxia (83 ± 26% versus 67 ± 27%, p = 0.006) and after neutral hypoxia (51 ± 12% versus 41 ± 7%, p = 0.005). Hypoxanthine, a marker of cellular energy failure, increased more with acidotic compared with neutral reoxygenation both after acidotic hypoxia (after 21 h: 7.7 ± 2.7 versus 3.1 ± 1.9 µM, p < 0.001) and after neutral hypoxia (10.4 ± 2.6 versus 7.9 ± 2.8 µM, p = 0.001). During hypoxia and reoxygenation, there was an earlier reduction in the activity of complex IV compared with complexes II+III, and the ratio between these complexes fell during the first hour of reoxygenation. The reduction in complex IV activity was alleviated with acidotic hypoxia. Acidosis during reoxygenation, however, had no effect on the activity of either complex IV or complexes II+III. We conclude that acidosis during hypoxia increases neuronal survival and preserves complex IV activity. Acidosis during reoxygenation has an early detrimental effect on metabolic activity, but this is not mediated through an effect on the mitochondrial complexes IV or II+III.

• Hankø, Erik; Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud; Hansen, R; Almaas, Runar; Lindstad, Julie K. & Rootwelt, Terje (2005). Bilirubin induces apoptosis and necrosis in human NT2-N neurons. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 57.
• Almaas, Runar; Pytte, Morten; Lindstad, Julie K.; Wright, Marianne; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Pleasure, David [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2003). Acidosis has opposite effects on neuronal survival during hypoxia and reoxygenation. Journal of Neurochemistry. ISSN 0022-3042. 84(5), p. 1018–1027. Show summary

  J Neurochem. 2003 March Acidosis has opposite effects on neuronal survival during hypoxia and reoxygenation. Almaas R, Pytte M, Lindstad JK, Wright M, Saugstad OD, Pleasure D, Rootwelt T. Department of Pediatric Research, Rikshospitalet, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. runaralm@start.no To study the effect of extracellular acidosis on apoptosis and necrosis during ischemia and reoxygenation, we exposed human post-mitotic NT2-N neurones to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation. In some experiments, pH of the cell medium was lowered to 5.9 during either OGD or reoxygenation or both. Staurosporine, used as a positive control for apoptosis, caused Poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) cleavage and nuclear fragmentation, but no PARP cleavage and little fragmentation were seen after OGD. Low molecular weight DNA fragments were found after staurosporine treatment, but not after OGD. No protective effect of caspase inhibitors was seen after 3 h of OGD and 21 h of reoxygenation, but after 45 h of reoxygenation caspase inhibition induced a modest improvement in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cleavage. While acidosis during OGD accompanied by neutral medium during reoxygenation protected the neurones (MTT: 228 +/- 117% of neutral medium, p < 0.001), acidosis during reoxygenation only was detrimental (MTT: 38 +/- 25%, p < 0.01). We conclude that apoptotic mechanisms play a minor role after OGD in NT2-N neurones. The effect of acidosis on neuronal survival depends on the timing of acidosis, as acidosis was protective during OGD and detrimental during reoxygenation. PMID: 12603826 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

• Almaas, Runar; Saugstad, Ola Didrik; Pleasure, David & Rootwelt, Terje (2002). Neuronal formation of free radicals plays a minor role in hypoxic cell death in human NT2-N neurons. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 51(2), p. 136–143.
• Almaas, Runar; Saugstad, Ola Didrik; Pleasure, David & Rootwelt, Terje (2000). Effect of barbiturates on hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxidation, and hypoxic cell death in human NT2-N neurons. Anesthesiology. ISSN 0003-3022. 92, p. 764–774.
• Almaas, Runar; Robertson, Bengt; Linderholm, B.; Lundberg, E.; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Moe, Aud (2000). Reversal of meconium inhibition of pulmnary surfactant by Ferrid Chloride, Copper Chloride, and Acetic Acid. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 1073-449X. 162, p. 1789–1794.
• Elsner, B.; Øyasæter, Stephanie; Almaas, Runar & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (1998). Diving seals, ischemia-reperfusion and oxygen radicals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. ISSN 1532-0456. 119(part A), p. 975–980. Show summary

  Keywords: seals; diving; oxygen radicals; hypoxanthine; superoxide dismutase

• Moen, Atle; Yu, Xing-Qing; Almaas, Runar; Curstedt, Tore & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (1998). Acute effects on systemic circulation after intratracheal instilation of Curosurf or Survanta in surfactant-depleted newborn piglets. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 87(3), p. 297–303.
• Rootwelt, Terje; Dunn, M.; Yudkoff, M.; Itoh, T.; Almaas, Runar & Pleasure, David (1998). Hypoxic cell death in human NT2-N neurons: Involvement of NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors. Journal of Neurochemistry. ISSN 0022-3042. 71(4), p. 1544–1553.
• Rootwelt, Terje; Dunn, M.; Yudkoff, M.; Itoh, T.; Almaas, Runar & Pleasure, David (1998). Hypoxic cell death in human NT2-N neurons: Involvement of NMDA and Non-NMDA glutamate receptors. Journal of Neurochemistry. ISSN 0022-3042. 71, p. 1544–1553.
• Almaas, Runar; Sundar, Tom; Rootwelt, Terje & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (1997). Plasma hypoxanthine reacts more abruptly to changes in oxygenation than base deficit and uric acid in newborn piglets. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. ISSN 0300-5577. 25, p. 353–360. Show summary

  High postmortem concentrations of hypoxanthine (Hyp) have been found in vitreous humor of children dying of SIDS. We investigated the accumulation of Hyp in vitreous humor during hypoxia. Twenty-four piglets aged 9-15 days were exposed to continous hypoxemia (180 min 11% O2, n=6), long interval intermittent hypoxemia (60 min 11 O2, 20 min room air, n=7) or short interval intermittent hypoxemia (10 min 9% O2, 10 min room air with (n=6) or without (n=5) superimposed ligation of both carotid arteries). The increase in vitreous humor Hyp was four-fold higher (p<0.01) with ligation of the carotid arteries (14±2.4 to 38±8.9 mmol/l) than without ligation (15±2.8 to 21±5.9 mmol/l). During continous hypoxemia plasma Hyp (r=0.85), xanthine (r=0.89), uric (UA) (r=0.85), and base deficit (BD) (r=0.78) increased almost linearly (p<0.001). Ligation of the carotid arteries had a strong impact on Hyp accumulation in vitreous humor, suggesting that vitreous humor Hyp is not merely a filtration product of plasma Hyp, but reflects local hypoxia/ischemia in the eye.

• Almaas, Runar; Rootwelt, Terje; Øyasæter, Stephanie & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (1997). Ascorbic acid enhances hydroxyl radical formation in iron-fortified infant cereals and infant formulas. European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 156, p. 488–492.
• Hukkanen, M.; Konttinen, Y. T.; Santavirta, S.; Nordsletten, Lars; Madsen, Jan Erik & Almaas, Runar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (1995). Effect of sciatic nerve section on neural ingrowth into the rat tibial fracture callus. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. ISSN 0009-921X. 311, p. 247–257.
• Rootwelt-Revheim, Terje; Almaas, Runar; Øyasæter, Stephanie; Moen, Atle & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (1995). Release of xanthine oxidase to the systemic circulation during resuscitation from severe hypoxemia in newborn pigs. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 84(5), p. 507–511. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13683.x.
• Nordsletten, Lars; Madsen, Jan Erik; Almaas, Runar; Rootwelt-Revheim, Terje; Halse, Johan & Konttinen, Yrjö T. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (1994). The neuronal regulation of fracture healing. Effects of sciatic nerve resection in rat tibia. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6470. 65(3), p. 299–304. doi: 10.3109/17453679408995457.
• Stoltenberg, Lauritz; Sundar, Tom; Almaas, Runar; Storm, Hanne; Rognum, Torleiv Ole & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (1994). Changes in apnea and auto resuscitation in piglets after intravenous and intratechal interleukin-1-beta injection. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. ISSN 0300-5577.

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• Rustand Bruun, Dorthe Elise; Diab, Simone; Hjartåker, Anette; Almaas, Runar; Brunvand, Leif & Hansen, Kari Margrethe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Vitamin D and calcium intake in children with Fontan circulation in relationship to vitamin D status and bone mineral density. Cardiology in the Young. ISSN 1047-9511.
• Landsverk, Hans Christian Erichsen; Almaas, Runar & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (2022). 50 Years Ago in THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS: Hemiallogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation—from Last Resort to a Viable Treatment Option. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. 243, p. 213–213. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.064.
• Almaas, Runar & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (2021). 50 Years Ago in THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS: Diagnosis of Self-Mutilation and Hyperuricemia. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. 237, p. 86–86. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.07.034.
• Almaas, Runar & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (2021). 50 Years Ago in THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS: Pregnancy in Women with Galactosemia. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. 233. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.02.032.
• Almaas, Runar & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (2021). 50 years ago in THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome: Transplantation Is the big difference. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. 229, p. 69–69. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.074.
• Thorsteinsdottir, Hjørdis; Möller, Thomas; Bjerre, Anna Kristina & Almaas, Runar (2020). GDF-15 — A matter of the heart or the kidney? International Journal of Cardiology. ISSN 0167-5273. 313, p. 47–47. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.017.
• Almaas, Runar (2019). Diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis in paediatric patients - we still haven't found what we are looking for. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 108(9), p. 1562–1563. doi: 10.1111/apa.14890.
• Lilje, Rina; Almaas, Runar; Bliksrud, Yngve Thomas; Motzfeldt, K & Jørgensen, J. V. (2010). HIGH PLASMA FOLATE LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH PKU. The Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease (JIMD). ISSN 0141-8955. 33, p. S169–S169.
• Stølen, Linn Helene; Almaas, Runar; Bliksrud, Yngve Thomas & Mathisen, Per (2010). HIGH PLASMA FOLATE LEVELS IN ADULTS WITH PKU ON PROTEIN SUBSTITUTE. The Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease (JIMD). ISSN 0141-8955. 33, p. S170–S170.
• Hankø, Erik; Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud; Lindstad, Julie K.; Almaas, Runar & Rootwelt, Terje (2003). Bilirubin induserer apoptose og nekrose i humane NT2-N nevroner.
• Almaas, Runar; Pytte, Morten; Lindstad, Julie K.; Wright, Marianne; Pleasure, David & Rootwelt, Terje (2002). Acidosis has opposite effects on neuronal survival during hypoxia and reoxygenation.
• Almaas, Runar; Robertson, Bengt; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Moen, Atle (1999). Iron abolishes inhibitory effects of meconium.
• Almaas, Runar; Robertson, Bengt; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Moen, Atle (1999). Inhibitory effect of meconium on surfactant is prevented by iron.
• Almaas, Runar (2003). Hypoxia in Human NT2-N Neurons. The Role of Free Radicals and Glutamate. Unipub forlag. ISSN 82-8072-092-8. Show summary

  Kort sammendrag: Hvis barn får for lite oksygen før, under eller etter fødselen kan de utvikle hjerneskader. Det er stor forskningsaktivitet for å studere hvordan skadene utvikler seg, slik at man kan begrense skadene så mye som mulig. Dyremodeller og nerveceller fra gnagere brukes ofte for å studere utviklingen av hjerneskader. Menneskelige modeller har imidlertid vært vanskeligere tilgjengelig og man har hatt store vansker med å overføre lovende resultater i dyremodeller til mennesker bla pga artsforskjeller. Vi har laget en alternativ modell til dyrestudier der vi ndersøker skader etter mangel på oksygen på menneskelige NT2 celler. Opprinnelig kommer disse NT2 cellene fra en type kreftceller, men etter flere ukers dyrkning og behandling modnes cellene slik at de ligner nerveceller. Vi har undersøkt hvordan behandling med antioksidanter og ulike narkosemidler påvirker nervecelleskade etter oksygenmangel, og hva slags rolle lav pH/surt miljø har på skademekanismene. I motsetning til hva man har funnet i mange dyremodeller fant vi liten effekt av antioksidanter på de menneskelige cellene. Dette kan skyldes artsforskjeller. Et annet overraskende resultatet var at lav pH beskyttet nervecellene i den fasen hvor cellene hadde for lite oksygen, men var skadelig i gjenopplivingsfasen hvor cellene igjen fikk tilført oksygen. Tidligere har man stort sett studert effekten av lav pH i disse fasene under ett, men våre forsøk understreker at man bør undersøke disse fasene hver for seg. Denne modellen med menneskelige NT2 celler er et supplement til de etablerte metodene hvor man nytter celler fra gnagere. Vi kan her teste om behandling som virker lovende på nerveceller fra dyr virker tilsvarende på menneskelige celler

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