Edvard Hauff

• Koirala, Rishav; Aass, Hans Christian; Søegaard, Erik Ganesh Iyer; Dhakal, Hari Prasad; Ojha, Saroj Prasad & Hauff, Edvard [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines with trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder visiting a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 18(2). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281125. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Søegaard, Erik Ganesh Iyer; Kan, Zhanna; Aass, Hans Christian Dalsbotten; Koirala, Rishav; Hauff, Edvard & Thapa, Suraj (2022). Abnormal Cytokines in Trauma Patients Explained by Obesity, Musculoskeletal Disease, Smoking, and Lung Disease. Neuropsychobiology. ISSN 0302-282X. 81(6), s. 516–530. doi: 10.1159/000526806. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Low-grade inflammation observed through abnormal plasma cytokine levels has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is not clear whether PTSD independently causes the inflammation or if it is mainly through co-occurring somatic factors such as smoking and obesity. We wanted to explore the effects of biopsychosocial factors on cytokine levels in a clinical setting. Methods: The sample consisted of 51 patients with PTSD, 58 trauma patients without PTSD, and 40 matched controls. We selected cytokines and relevant risk factors for systemic inflammation through pairwise correlations. Then, we used linear regression to analyze the individual and combined effects of these on the (Log10) cytokines, particularly estimating the effect of PTSD adjusted for other factors. Results: Higher age, female gender, cigarette smoking, presence of lung and musculoskeletal disease, use of antipsychotic medication, and higher BMI were correlated with higher levels of interleukins IL-1RA, IL-2RA, and IL-6. In the adjusted regression analysis, higher BMI was associated with increased IL-1RA (B = 0.06, p < 0.01), IL-2RA (B = 0.01, p < 0.01), and IL-6 (B = 0.01, p = 0.03). Presence of musculoskeletal disease was associated with increased IL-1RA (B = 0.72, p < 0.01) and IL-6 (B = 0.16, p = 0.01), and decreased IL-2RA (B = −0.09, p < 0.01). Cigarette smoking (B = 0.16, p = 0.01) and presence of lung disease (B = 0.14, p = 0.02) were associated with increased IL-6. PTSD diagnosis was associated with decreased IL-2RA (B = −0.06, p = 0.04). Discussion/Conclusion: Altered cytokine levels in distressed trauma-affected individuals are probably mostly through co-occurring risk factors and not PTSD diagnosis. Increased BMI and musculoskeletal (pain) disease may be particularly strong risk factors and should be addressed.

• Sanhori, Zeinat Balla Mohamed Ahmed; Lien, Lars; Hauff, Edvard; Ayazi, Touraj; Mdala, Ibrahimu & Eide, Arne Henning (2022). Change in Disability Associated with Psychological Distress among Internally Displaced Persons in Central Sudan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(9). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095347. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Individuals with disabilities are particularly vulnerable in conflict settings, and a high rate of psychopathology is well documented among persons with disabilities. The objective of this study was to explore the change in disability prevalence among IDPs in two settlement areas in central Sudan and the association between disability and psychological distress. In this one-year follow-up study, 1549 IDPs were interviewed twice using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) to investigate emotional distress. Disability was measured using the Washington Group Short Set. Households were randomly selected using the community health center as the starting point. All household members above eighteen years of age in the sampled households were interviewed. There is an increase in disability prevalence among internally displaced persons over time, associated with rural residency and poverty, low education, unemployment, IDP status, originating from western Sudan, young age, male gender, and being married. Disability was further found to be associated with psychological distress. Disability among displaced persons should be considered as a risk factor for increase in psychopathological disorders and is closely related to poverty. The study is limited to individual-level data and does not incorporate relevant environmental variables that may have influenced the changes in disability rates.

• Søegaard, Erik Ganesh Iyer; Kan, Zhanna; Koirala, Rishav; Hauff, Edvard & Thapa, Suraj Bahadur (2021). Gender differences in a wide range of trauma symptoms after victimization and accidental traumas: a cross-sectional study in a clinical setting. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 12(1), s. 1–13. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1975952. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Koirala, Rishav; Søegaard, Erik Ganesh Iyer; Kan, Zhanna; Ojha, Saroj Prasad; Hauff, Edvard & Thapa, Suraj (2021). Exploring complex PTSD in patients visiting a psychiatric outpatient clinic in Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Psychiatric Research. ISSN 0022-3956. 143, s. 23–29. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.030. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Abraham, Ruth; Leonhardt, Marja; Lien, Lars; Hanssen, Ingrid; Hauff, Edvard & Thapa, Suraj Bahadur (2021). The relationship between religiosity/spirituality and quality of life among female Eritrean refugees living in Norwegian asylum centres. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. ISSN 0020-7640. doi: 10.1177/00207640211010207. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Women are more vulnerable to mental health problems than men after migration, but little is known about the influence of religiosity/spirituality on their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore religiosity/spirituality, in relationships with various domains of quality of life, among female Eritrean refugees staying in Norwegian asylum centres. Method: A questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics was used together with the World Health OrganizationQuality of Life – Spirituality, Religiosity and Personal Beliefs (WHOQOL-SRPB) questionnaire, which assesses religiosity/spirituality and domains of quality of life. A total of 63 adult female Eritrean refugees who had been granted asylum but were still living in asylum reception centres located in southern and central Norway participated. Results: Religiosity/spirituality was independently associated with psychological quality of life (B = 0.367, p < .001), level of independence (B = 0.184, p = .028), social quality of life (B = 0.500, p = .003), environmental quality of life (B = 0.323, p < .001) and overall quality of life (B = 0.213, p < .001), but not with physical quality of life (B = 0.056, p = .679). There were no significant differences between religious affiliations on religiosity/spirituality or quality of life measures. Conclusion: Consistent with previous research, this study highlights the correlation between religiosity/spirituality and overall quality of life. We recommend a longitudinal follow-up study of similar populations, after they are resettled and integrated into their host countries, to understand the associations between quality of life and religiosity/spirituality over time. Keywords Eritrea, refugees, religiosity, spirituality, quality of life, well-being

• Sanhori, Zienat Balla Mohamed Ahmed; Hauff, Edvard; Eide, Arne Henning; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Abdelrahman, Abdullah & Brunborg, Cathrine [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Changes in prevalence of mental disorders among internally displaced persons in central Sudan: a 1-year follow-up study. Global Mental Health (GMH). ISSN 2054-4251. 7. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2020.16. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Sudan has one of the largest numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the world, estimated at five million. The main cause of displacement was the civil war. Attention to the health and in particular the mental health of IDPs has been lacking. That includes limited population longitudinal data describing the “natural” fluctuations of mental morbidity among these groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the level and stability of mental disorders among IDPs over a 1-year period. Method In this 1-year follow-up of IDPs in two settlement areas in central Sudan, 1549 persons 18 years or older were interviewed twice using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Trained psychologists collected the data in a random household survey in the selected IDP areas. Results We found overall high stability among those having and those free of mental disorders in this 1-year follow-up study. There were, however, discernible and statistically significant increases in overall new cases of mental disorders from T1 to T2 as major depression increased by 1.4%, generalized anxiety by 2.8% and social phobia by 1.4%. Conclusion The study revealed continued high levels and increases of mental disorders over time, although with a pattern of substantial persistence among those initially ill and limited recovery. This might be due to a complex set of factors such as unavailability of mental health services, poverty, low educational level and social exclusion.

• Søegaard, Erik Ganesh Iyer; Kan, Zhanna; Koirala, Rishav; Hauff, Edvard & Thapa, Suraj Bahadur (2020). Variations in psychiatric morbidity between traumatized Norwegian, refugees and other immigrant patients in Oslo. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0803-9488. 74(6), s. 390–399. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1714724. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fausiah, Fitri; Turnip, Sherly Saragih & Hauff, Edvard (2020). Gender differences and the correlates of violent behaviors among high school students in a post-conflict area in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry. ISSN 1758-5864. 12(3). doi: 10.1111/appy.12383.
• Koirala, Rishav; Søegaard, Erik Ganesh Iyer; Ojha, Saroj Prasad; Hauff, Edvard & Thapa, Suraj B. (2020). Trauma related psychiatric disorders and their correlates in a clinical sample: A cross-sectional study in trauma affected patients visiting a psychiatric clinic in Nepal. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234203. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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