Einar Stranden

• Stens, Niels Anton; Hisdal, Jonny; Bakke, Espen; Kaur, Narinder; Sharma, Archana & Stranden, Einar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Factors mediating the pressor response to isometric muscle contraction: An experimental study in healthy volunteers during lower body negative pressureFactors mediating the pressor response to isometric muscle contraction: An experimental study in healthy volunteers during lower body negative pressure. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15:e0243627(12), s. 1–15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243627. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aarhus, Lisa; Stranden, Einar; Nordby, Karl-Christian; Thornér, Elin Einarsdóttir; Olsen, Raymond & Ruud, Bjørn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Vascular component of hand-arm vibration syndrome: A 22-year follow-up study. Occupational Medicine. ISSN 0962-7480. 68(6), s. 384–390. doi: 10.1093/OCCMED/KQY085. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Vibration-induced white finger (VWF) is often assessed using the Stockholm Workshop Scale (SWS) and cold challenge plethysmography. However, long-term longitudinal studies using both methods are scarce. Aims To study the long-term course and prognostic factors of VWF assessed with the SWS and photoplethysmography (PPG), and to examine the effects of lifestyle on PPG score, regardless of VWF status. Methods Forty male construction workers were examined with a test battery and clinical examination in 1994 and 2016/17. Results At baseline, the sample comprised 27 workers with, and 13 without, symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Thirty-five workers reported vibration exposure during follow-up. The mean age of the workers was 60 years (45–78) at follow-up. The paired t-test showed that PPG scores deteriorated from 1994 to 2017 in the 27 workers with HAVS in 1994 (mean difference 2.7 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–5.2). However, there was no statistically significant change in SWS scores in these workers over time. Smoking and age were associated with PPG score deterioration. Vibration exposure during follow-up predicted SWS score deterioration: 1000 h of exposure predicted a deterioration stage of 0.09 (95% CI 0.03–0.16). Analysis of all 40 workers showed that 2017 PPG scores were associated with positive serum cotinine and self-reported smoking during follow-up. Conclusions Whereas age and smoking predicted a PPG deterioration, continued vibration exposure predicted worsening of white finger symptoms. The association of PPG score and smoking should be considered in diagnostic and prognostic factor evaluations.

• Orlin, Jan; Lied, Ingvild Haabesland; Stranden, Einar; Irgens, Henrik Underthun & Andersen, John Roger (2016). Prevalence of chronic compartment syndrome of the legs: Implications for clinical diagnostic criteria and therapy. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 12, s. 7–12. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.01.001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hodt, Anders; Hisdal, Jonny; Stugaard, Marie; Stranden, Einar; Atar, Dan & Steine, Kjetil (2015). Increased LV apical untwist during preload reduction in healthy humans. An echocardiographic speckle tracking study during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) . Physiological Reports. ISSN 2051-817X. 3(3). doi: 10.14814/phy2.12330. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: We sought to investigate the effect of reduced preload on LV untwist and early diastolic filling in healthy individuals. Methods: Twelve healthy men, 22 (22,23) years of age, were examined at rest and during applied lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of -20 mmHg and -40 mmHg, respectively. Regional untwist and untwist rate during IVRT were calculated at LV basal, papillary, sub-papillary and apical short axis levels by two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. LV early diastolic filling was assessed by transmitral E-wave (E) peak velocity by pulsed Doppler and flow propagation velocity (Vp) by color M-mode Doppler and early diastolic pulsed Doppler tissue velocities (E`) from septal and lateral mitral annulus. Results: From rest to LBNP -40 mmHg the LV untwist and untwist rate at sub-papillary level increased from 2.3 (1.4,3.5) to 4.5 (3.1,7.6) degrees and from -36 (-51,-25) to -69 (-127,-42) /s (p<0.001, p=0.003), respectively, while apical untwist and untwist rate increased from 3.9 (2.3,4.3) to 7.6 (6.4,10.5) degrees and from -51 (-69,-40) to -118 (-170,-84) /s (p<0.001, p<0.001), respectively. Since untwist and untwist rate at the basal level were unchanged, this created markedly larger base to apical untwist and untwist rate gradients from rest to LBNP -40 mmHg. E, Vp and E` were reduced by 34, 32 and 39 %, respectively. Conclusions: LV untwist and untwist rate during IVRT were increased at apical levels, which might be a physiological mechanism to minimize the impairment in LV early diastolic filling during preload reduction.

• Bø, Elisabeth; Bergland, Astrid; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Sandbæk, Gunnar & Grøtta, Ole Jørgen [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Effects of 12 weeks of supervised exercise after endovascular treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Physiotherapy Research International. ISSN 1358-2267. 20(3), s. 147–157. doi: 10.1002/pri.1608. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bø, Elisabeth; Hisdal, Jonny; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Sandbæk, Gunnar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Twelve-months follow-up of supervised exercise after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intermittent claudication: a randomised clinical trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 10(11), s. 5998–6014. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10115998. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Semb, Anne Grete; Rollefstad, Silvia Christin Hellerud; Provan, Sella Aarrestad; Kvien, Tore Kristian; Stranden, Einar & Olsen, Inge Christoffer [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Carotid Plaque Characteristics and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology. ISSN 0315-162X. 40(4), s. 359–368. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120621. Vis sammendrag

  Objective. Carotid plaques (CP) are predictive of acute coronary syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting that atherosclerotic plaques in these patients are vulnerable. The objective of our study was to characterize vulnerability of CP in patients with RA compared to a control population, and between RA patients with different levels of disease activity. Methods. Ultrasound examination of carotid arteries was performed in 152 patients with RA and 89 controls. CP echolucency was evaluated by the Gray-Scale Median (GSM) technique. Lower GSM values indicate higher vulnerability of plaques. CP characteristics were compared between RA patients with active disease and in remission, and between patients and controls. All analyses were performed with adjustment for confounding factors (sex, age, smoking, and blood pressure). Poisson regression analysis was used for count data, mixed modeling for GSM and area per plaque, and analysis of covariance for minimum GSM value per patient. Results. Patients with RA more frequently had CP (median 2, range 0, 4) compared with controls (median 1, range 0, 3; p < 0.001), after adjustment for age and sex. Patients with active RA disease according to the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) had lower median GSM (p = 0.03), minimum GSM (p = 0.03), and a larger CP area (although the latter finding was not significant; p = 0.27), compared with patients with RA in remission. These findings were not confirmed for other disease measures (Simplified Disease Activity Index, Disease Activity Score-28, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Conclusion. Patients with RA had more CP compared with controls and patients in CDAI remission, and controls had more stable CP than patients with active disease; these findings point to the importance of achieving remission in RA.

• Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Hisdal, Jonny; Randby, Anna; Agewall, Stefan; Stranden, Einar & Somers, Virend K. [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Impaired endothelial function in persons with obstructive sleep apnoea: impact of obesity. Heart. ISSN 1355-6037. 99(1), s. 30–34. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303009.
• Hodt, Anders; Stugaard, Marie; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Atar, Dan & Steine, Kjetil (2012). Regional LV deformation in healthy individuals during isovolumetric contraction and ejection phases assessed by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. ISSN 1475-0961. 32(5), s. 372–379. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2012.01139.x.
• De Blois, Jonathan; Stranden, Einar; Jogestrand, Thomas; Henareh, Loghman & Agewall, Stefan (2012). Echogenicity of the carotid intima-media complex and cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. ISSN 1475-0961. 32(5), s. 400–403. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2012.01134.x.
• Stranden, Einar (2011). Edema in venous insufficiency. Phlebolymphology. ISSN 1286-0107. 18(1), s. 3–14.
• Hodt, Anders; Hisdal, Jonny; Stugaard, Marie; Stranden, Einar; Atar, Dan & Steine, Kjetil (2011). Reduced preload elicits increased LV twist in healthy humans. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. ISSN 1475-0961. 31(5), s. 382–389. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2011.01029.x.
• Provan, Sella Aarrestad; Semb, Anne Grete; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Agewall, Stefan & Dagfinrud, Hanne [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Remission is the goal for cardiovascular risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional comparative study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. ISSN 0003-4967. 70(5), s. 812–817. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.141523.
• Sætre, Torunn; Enoksen, Eystein; Lyberg, Torstein; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Sundhagen, Jon Otto [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Supervised exercise training reduces plasma levels of the endothelial inflammatory markers E-selectin and ICAM-1 in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Angiology. ISSN 0003-3197. 62(4), s. 301–305. doi: 10.1177/0003319710385338.
• Kazmi, SSH; Stranden, Einar; Kroese, Andries Jan; Slagsvold, Carl Erik; Diep, LM & Haug, Egil [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Proinflammatory interleukins in patients operated on for proximal femoral fracture. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 70, s. 158–163.
• Kazmi, Syed Sajid Hussain; Stranden, Einar; Kroese, Andries Jan; Diep, Lien My; Haug, Egil & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. (2010). Pro-inflammatory interleukins in patients operated on for proximal femur fracture. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 70(3), s. 158–163. doi: 10.3109/00365511003602463.
• Kazmi, SS; Stranden, Einar; Kroese, Andries Jan; Diep, LM; Haug, Egil & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. (2010). Pro-inflammatory interleukins in patients operated on for proximal femur fracture. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 70(3), s. 158–163.
• Flørnes, Tor Leif; Sandbæk, Gunnar; Stranden, Einar & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. (2009). Kirurgisk behandling av aterosklerose i underekstremitetene. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 129(21), s. 2252–2255.
• Kazmi, Syed Sajid Hussain & Stranden, Einar (2009). Pathophysiological aspects of lower limb oedema in patients with proximal femoral fractures. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 69(7), s. 741–747. doi: 10.3109/00365510903105440.
• Slagsvold, Carl-erik; Stranden, Einar & Rosales, Antonio (2009). Venøs insuffisiens i underekstremitetene. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 129(21), s. 2256–2259. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0238.
• Medbø, Jon Ingulf; Hisdal, Jonny & Stranden, Einar (2009). Blood flow in the brachial artery increases after intense cycling exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 69(7), s. 752–763. doi: 10.3109/00365510903128558. Vis sammendrag

  During cycling blood flow is redistributed from physically inactive tissues to working leg muscles. It is unknown how long this situation persists after very intense exercise or whether it differs between intense exhausting and non-exhausting exercise. It is also not known to what extent the redistribution differs between different types of non-active tissues. Therefore nine healthy young men cycled first for 2min at 328 W (non-exhausting exercise, mean). Blood velocity in thigh and arm (ultrasound-doppler), perfusion of forearm skin (non-acral skin) and finger tip (acral skin, with arterio-venous anastomoses) were measured for 30min after exercise (laser-doppler). To be able to study vascular resistance and central circulation, blood pressure (Finometer), heart rate (ECG), and stroke volume (ultrasound-doppler) were measured. Thereafter the subjects cycled at the same power to exhaustion (4min), and the measurements were repeated. After both exercises mean blood pressure was unchanged (≤ 80mm Hg) despite increased cardiac output (≥ + 30% vs. pre-exercise). Blood velocity in the brachial artery was higher during the whole recovery period than at rest (p≤0.02; no differences between exercises). Blood perfusion of non-acral skin was unchanged from pre-exercise level after 2min of non-exhausting exercise, but it was twice as high after 4min cycling to exhaustion as at rest (p=0.02). Blood perfusion of acral skin rose after both exercises and did not differ between exhausting and non-exhausting exercise. In conclusion, arm blood flow increases above the pre-exercise level in the recovery period after short-lasting, strenuous exercise.

• Wester, T; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Stranden, Einar; Tønnfjord, Geir E.; Bay, Dag & Sandbæk, Gunnar [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Treatment with autologous mononuclear cells in patients with critical lower limb ischemia. A pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. ISSN 1457-4969. 97, s. 56–62.
• Stranden, Einar (2008). Sammenhengen mellom koronarsykdom og perifer aterosklerotisk sykdom. Betydningen av ankel-arm-indeks (AAI). Hjerteforum. ISSN 0802-1465. 21(4), s. 27–35.
• Wester, Torjus; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Stranden, Einar; Sandbæk, Gunnar; Tjønnfjord, G & Bay, Dag [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Treatment with autologous mononuclear cells in patients with critical lower limb ischaemia. A pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. ISSN 1457-4969. 97, s. 56–62. Vis sammendrag

  Background and Aims: Treatment with autologous, bone marrow mononuclear stem cells has shown effects in patients with chronic limb ischaemia in one randomized clinical study. The aim of the study was to test the potential effect of stem cell treatment in a strict defined group of patients with stable critical limb ischaemia (cli). design: a prospective, combined-centre pilot study. Material: eight patients with cli of the lower extremities, and without any other treatment options. Methods: bone marrow cells were harvested from the patient’s iliac crest and, after separation, injected into the calf muscles of the affected leg. outcome was evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (dsa), visual analogue scale (Vas) and several non-invasive circulatory physiological tests. Results: There were no complications from the procedures. Two patients were amputated two months after cell injection. Five patients reported pain relief after four months. Five patients could be evaluated at eight months. according to Vas and physiological tests, they were all either stable or showed improvement. Conclusion: This method seems to be a safe option for treating patients with cli. inclusion of patients took a long time, mainly because many patients with cli are offered endovascular treatment in our institution. while symptomatic improvement was found in individual patients, larger trials are required to investigate efficacy. This will probably require multi-centre participation.

• Ulimoen, Geir; Gjønnæss, Eyvind; Atar, Dan; Dahl, Trond; Stranden, Einar & Sandbæk, Gunnar (2008). Noninvasive Coronary Angiography with 64-Channel Multidetector Computed Tomography in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Acta Radiologica. ISSN 0284-1851. 49(10), s. 1140–1144. doi: 10.1080/02841850802452083.
• Rosales, Antonio; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Slagsvold, Carl Erik; Stranden, Einar; Risum, O & Kroese, Andries Jan (2008). Venous valve reconstruction in patients with secondary chronic venous insufficiency. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 36, s. 466–472. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.06.015.
• Kazmi, SSH; Stranden, Einar; Kroese, Andries Jan; Slagsvold, Carl Erik; Diep, LM & Strømsøe, Knut [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Edema in the lower limb of patients operated on for proximal femoral fractures. Journal of Trauma. ISSN 0022-5282. 62, s. 701–707.
• Nylænde, Marthe; Abdelnoor, Michael; Stranden, Einar; Morken, Brit; Sandbæk, Gunnar & Risum, Øivind [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). The Oslo Balloon Angioplasty vs. Conservative Treatment Study (OBACT). The 2-years Results of a single Centre, Prospective, Randomised Study in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 33, s. 3–12.
• Nylænde, Marthe; Abdelnoor, Michael; Stranden, Einar; Morken, Brit; Sandbæk, Gunnar & Risum, Øyvind [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). The Oslo Balloon Angioplasty vs. Conservative Treatment (OBACT). The 2-years Results of a single Centre, Prospective, Randomised Study in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 33, s. 3–12.
• BAKKE, ESPEN; Hisdal, Jonny; Kroese, Andries Jan; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Stranden, Einar (2007). Blood pressure response to isometric exercise in patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. ISSN 1475-0961. 27, s. 109–115. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2007.00720.x.
• Nylænde, Marthe; Abdelnoor, Michael; Stranden, Einar; Morken, Brit; Sandbæk, Gunnar & Risum, Øyvind [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). The Oslo Balloon Angioplasty versus Conservative Treatment Study (OBACT) - The 2-years Results of a Single Centre, Prospective, Randomised Study in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 33, s. 3–12.
• Kazmi, SS; Stranden, Einar; Kroese, Andries Jan; Slagsvold, Carl-erik; Diep, LM & Strømsøe, Knut [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Edema in the lower limb of patients operated for proximal femoral fractures (PFF). Journal of Trauma. ISSN 0022-5282. 62, s. 701–707.
• Gjønnæss, Eyvind; Morken, Brit; Sandbæk, Gunnar; Stranden, Einar; Slagsvold, Carl Erik & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2006). Gadolinium-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Colour Duplex and Digital Subtraction Angiography of the Lower Limb Arteries from the Aorta to the Tibio-peroneal Trunk in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 31, s. 53–58.
• Rosales, Antonio; Slagsvold, Carl Erik; Kroese, Andries Jan; Stranden, Einar; Risum, Øyvind & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. (2006). Results of External Venous Valva Plasty (EVVP) in Patients with Primary Chronic Venous Insufficiency (PCVI). European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 32, s. 570–576.
• Gjønnæss, Eyvind; Morken, Brit; Sandbæk, Gunnar; Stranden, Einar; Slagsvold, Carl-erik & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2006). Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, colour duplex and digital subtraction angiography of the lower limb arteries from the aorta to the tibio-peroneal trunk in patients with intermittent claudication. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 31, s. 53–58.
• Nylænde, Marthe; Kroese, Andries Jan; Stranden, Einar; Morken, Brit; Sandbæk, Gunnar & Lindahl, Anne Karin [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2006). Markers of vascular inflammation are associated with the extent of atherosclerosis assessed as angiographic score and treadmill walking distances in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. ISSN 1558-2027.
• Stranden, Einar & Slagsvold, Carl-Erik (2005). Arterielle sår i underekstremiteten. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 125(7), s. 895–898.
• Slagsvold, Carl-Erik & Stranden, Einar (2005). Venøse leggsår. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 125(7), s. 891–894.
• Orlin, Jan Roar; Stranden, Einar & Slagsvold, Carl-Erik (2005). Effects of mechanical irritation on the autonomic part of the median nerve. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 12, s. 144–149.
• Stranden, Einar (2004). Ventömningens fysiologi. I Norgren, Lars; Bækgaard, Niels; Nelzén, Olle & Slagsvold, Carl-Erik (Red.), Vensjukdomar. Studentlitteratur AB. ISSN 91-44-02489-4. s. 45–55.
• Stranden, Einar (2004). Patofysiologi. I Norgren, Lars; Bækgaard, Niels; Nelzén, Olle & Slagsvold, Carl-Erik (Red.), Vensjukdomar. Studentlitteratur AB. ISSN 91-44-02489-4. s. 57–67.
• Stranden, Einar (2004). Methods for the evaluation of vascular reconstruction. Heart Drug. ISSN 1422-9528. 4, s. 201–217.
• Lund-Johansen, Per; Stranden, Einar; Helberg, Steinar; Wessel-Aas, Terje; Risberg, Knut & Rønnevik, Per-K [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2003). Quantification of leg oedema in postmenopausal hypertensive patients treated with lercanidipine or amlodipine. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 21(5), s. 1003–1010.
• Stranden, Einar (2001). Functional and anatomical tests to evaluate graft patency after vascular surgery procedures: Principles and clinical applications. I Karmanoukian, Hratch; Ricci, Marco; Salerno, Thomas A & Bergsland, Jacob (Red.), Intraoperative graft patency verification in cardiac and vascular surgery. Futura publishing company, Armonk, NY, 2001. ISSN 0-87993-488-3. s. 27–63.
• Anvar, Masoud D.; Khiabani, Hassan Zare; Lande, Knut; Kroese, Andries Jan & Stranden, Einar (2001). The concentration of protein-compounds in interstitial tissue of patients with chronic critical limb ischaemia and oedema. VASA. ISSN 0301-1526. 30, s. 14–20. Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Objective: Chronic critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is the final stage in the development of atherosclerosis in the lower limb. Many of CLI patients have distal leg and foot oedema that is mainly distributed in subcutaneous tissue. Previous electronmicroscopic studies have shown that chronic severe ischaemia may cause hypoxic damage of the capillary endothelium, including morphological changes i.e. multiplicated/thickened basal lamina, and formation of interendothelial gaps. To assess the functional consequences of these morphologic derangements, where proteins can leak through, we investigated the composition of the interstitial fluid in oedematous ischaemic limbs. Material and method: Nine female and 3 male patients with a mean age of 79 ± 7.9 years were included. All had unilateral CLI and peripheral pitting oedema. Leg and foot volume was measured with water displacement volumetry (WDV). Blister suction technique was used to collect subcutaneous interstitial fluid. The concentration of albumin, transferin, immunoglobulin G and a2-macroglobulin in plasma and blister fluid was measured by immunoturbidimetry. Nine patients, 8 women and 1 man with a mean age of 83 ± 5.5 years with a proximal femur fracture served as an age-matched control group. In the control subject the interstitial fluid was collected on the foot of the none-fractured limb between the 7-10th postoperative days. Results: The mean concentration of albumin in blister fluid was significantly lower in the patients (p < 0.0002), whereas the mean concentration of a2-macroglobulin in blister fluid did not differ between patients and controls (p > 0.05). Mean ratio between concentrations in blister and serum of albumin, transferin and immunoglobulin G in the limbs with CLI and oedema were significantly lower than respective values in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the ratio of a2-macroglobulin between these groups. The calculated mean reflection coefficient (s) for albumin, transferin and immunoglobulin G in patients with CLI and oedema were 0.81, 0.86 and 0.85, significantly higher than the respective values in the control group (0.66, 0.77 and 0.83, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0005 and p < 0.04, respectively). However, the mean sigma for a2-macroglobulin did not differ between the groups (0.95 vs. 0.95, p > 0.05). Conclusion: The present investigation demonstrated a lower interstitial/serum ratio and greater reflection coefficients (s) of low molecular proteins in limbs with CLI and oedema compared to the control group. A higher transcapillary concentration gradient for proteins in CLI limbs signifies an increase in the net osmotic pressure gradient across the capillary wall, which may be a potential oedema limiting factor.

• Stranden, Einar (2000). Dynamic leg volume changes when sitting in a locked and free floating tilt office chair. Ergonomics. ISSN 0014-0139. 43(3), s. 421–433.
• Khiabani, Hassan Zare; Anvar, Masoud D.; Kroese, Andries Jan & Stranden, Einar (2000). The role of the veno-arteriolar reflex (VAR)in the pathogenesis of peripheral oedema in patients with chronic critical limb ischaemia (CLI). Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae. ISSN 0355-9521. 89, s. 93–98.
• Khiabani, Hassan Zare; Anvar, Masoud D.; Kroese, Andries Jan & Stranden, Einar (2000). Transcapillary forces and the development of oedema in the lower limb of patients with chronic critical limb ischaemia (CLI). European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 19, s. 598–604.
• Stranden, Einar; Berger, Kristine Jacobsen & Pedersen, Kathrine Elise (2000). Spatial variation in veno-arteriolar reflex (VAR) and effect of reconstructive surgery in limbs with chronic critical limb ischaemia (CLI). Angiology. ISSN 0003-3197. 9, s. 151–155. Vis sammendrag

  Ischaemic ulcers and necrosis tend to appear first in the most distal part of the feet in patients with chronic critical limb ischaemia (CLI), indicating that derangements in local microcirculation are focally distributed. In the present study the veno-arteriolar response (VAR), as an indicator of microcirculatory regulation, was obtained in three different areas of critically ischaemic feet. Five women and seven men with a mean age of 75 years with unilateral CLI were included. Two groups including young and age-matched healthy participants served as controls. Laser Doppler flux (LDF) was recorded simultaneously at the pulp of the first toe (site1), the level of the second metatarsal body (site 2) and the anterolateral part of the ankle (site 3). LDF was recorded with the investigated limb in supine and in the dependent position. Orthostatic response (OR) was calculated at all measuring sites as perfusion (LDF) in the dependent foot divided by perfusion in the supine position. There was no difference in OR between the control groups, or between sites within each group. Median OR was about 0.5, indicating that perfusion was reduced to 50% during dependency. In patients with CLI, VAR was not present in the afflicted foot and ankle, and OR at the three sites were significantly greater than in controls (p<0.0005). Median OR at the toe was 3.7, indicating considerably increased local perfusion when the foot was lowered. For site 2 the increase was moderate, and not present at site 3 (median OR = 1.0). There was a significant trend towards normal values (OR<0.8) after vascular reconstruction at all sites. Abolished VAR and increased local perfusion in ischaemic limbs assist in explaining why patients with ischaemic rest pain obtain relief of pain with dependency. The recovery of VAR following reconstructive surgery indicates that the microcirculatory derangement is reversible.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Bø, Elisabeth; Hisdal, Jonny; Cvancarova, Milada; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Sandbæk, Gunnar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). PTA og trening hos pasienter med claudicatio intermittens - en randomisert kontrollert studie.
• Gjerdalen, Gard Filip; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Morken, Brit & Slagsvold, Carl Erik (2015). Vurdering av ankel-armindeks etter belastning hos unge.
• Semb, Anne Grete; Rollefstad, Silvia Christin Hellerud; Ikdahl, Eirik; Hisdal, Jonny; van der Heijde, Désirée & Stranden, Einar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Impact of asymptomatic atherosclerosis on CV prevention in patients with rheumatic joint diseases. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 34, s. 798–798.
• Bø, Elisabeth; Hisdal, Jonny; Cvancarova, Milada S.; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Sandbæk, Gunnar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). PTA og trening - en randomisert kontrollert studie. Resultater etter ett års oppfølging.
• Semb, Anne Grete; Rollefstad, Silvia; Hisdal, Jonny; Eirheim, Anne S.; van der Heijde, Désirée & Stranden, Einar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). IDENTIFICATION OF ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID PLAQUES IMPROVES CLASSIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASE REGARDING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. ISSN 0735-1097. 61(10), s. E1436–E1436.
• Hisdal, Jonny; Bø, Elisabeth; Stranden, Einar; Sætre, Torunn; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Sandbæk, Gunnar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). SELVRAPPORTERT- OG OBJEKTIVT MÅLT GANGDISTANSE HOS PASIENTER MED KLAUDIKASJON SELEKTERT FOR PTA-BEHANDLING.
• Bø, Elisabeth; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Sætre, Torunn; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Sandbæk, Gunnar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). PTA OG TRENING – EN RANDOMISERT KONTROLLERT STUDIE. PRELIMINÆRE RESULTATER ETTER 3 MND.
• Hodt, Anders; Stugaard, Marie; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Atar, Dan & Steine, Kjetil (2011). Redusert preload bidrar til økt apikal rotasjon i venstre ventrikkel hos friske individer.
• Slagsvold, Carl-erik & Stranden, Einar (2011). Ødem av ukjent årsak – differensialdiagnoser.
• Pedersen, Siw Annick; Stranden, Einar & Hisdal, Jonny (2011). Læringstilbud for pasienter med perifer arteriel sirkulasjonssvikt (PAS).
• Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Flørnes, Tor Leif; Stranden, Einar; Bay, Dag; Rosales, Antonio & Bjerke, Catherine [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Screening for AAA hos 65-årige menn i oslo – foreløpige erfaringer.
• Bø, Elisabeth; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Sætre, Torunn; Sandbæk, Gunnar & Bergland, Astrid (2011). PTA OG TRENING – PRESENTASJON AV EN RANDOMISERT KONTROLLERT STUDIE.
• Gjerdalen, Gard Filip; Hisdal, Jonny; Solberg, Erik Ekker; Andersen, Thor Einar; Radunovic, Zoran & Stranden, Einar [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Økt volumbelastning hos idrettsutøvere gir økt reservoar funksjon for høyre og venstre atrium.
• Stranden, Einar (2010). Årsaker til venøse bensår.
• Stranden, Einar (2010). Edema in venous insufficiency. Vis sammendrag

  Edema is a clinical state characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial or intracellular space. This accumulation develops when the net transcapillary filtration rate exceeds the lymphatic drainage rate over a period of time. In other words, either an increased filtration, reduced lymph flow, or both. The present chapter focuses on the lower limb edema frequently associated with venous insufficiency. Because the key pathophysiological factor behind this edema is increased distal venous pressure in upright position much attention is given to the mechanisms leading to the venous hypertension. Furthermore,because understanding edema mechanisms requires knowledge of the factors acting on the transcapillary fluid balance, a basic review of these and how they experimentally may be measured is included. Stranden E. Book chapter: Edema in venous insufficiency. In: Wittens C ed. Best Practice in Venous Procedures. Turin, Italy: Edizioni Minerva Medica; 2010:131-140.

• Slagsvold, Carl-erik & Stranden, Einar (2009). Perifer mikrovaskulær vasospasme – Raynaud fenomen: Utredning og behandling. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger. ISSN 0801-5902.
• Hisdal, Jonny; Sætre, Torunn; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Sundhagen, Jon Otto; Bjørnsborg, Eva & Bø, Elisabeth [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Organiserte treningsgrupper for pasienter med perifer arteriell sirkulasjonssvikt – en aktuell modell. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger. ISSN 0801-5902.
• Hisdal, Jonny; Enoksen, Eystein; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Sundhagen, Jon Otto & Sætre, Torunn (2009). Organisert trening øker maksimal blodsirkulasjon i beina hos pasienter med perifer arteriell sirkulasjonssvikt. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger. ISSN 0801-5902.
• Stranden, Einar (2009). Oedema in venous insufficiency.
• Sætre, Torunn; Enoksen, Eystein; Lyberg, Torstein; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Sundhagen, Jon Otto [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2009). Supervised exercise training reduces plasma levels of the endothelial inflammatory markers E-selectin and ICAM-1 in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
• Hisdal, Jonny; Hodt, Anders; Steine, Kjetil & Stranden, Einar (2008). Asymmetri i høyre og venstre ventrikkels slagvolum respons til rask redukjson i preload.
• Medbø, Jon ingulf; Hisdal, Jonny & Stranden, Einar (2007). Blood flow to the arms is increased after intense bicycling. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 190, s. 1504–1504.
• Hisdal, Jonny; Bakke, Espen & Stranden, Einar (2007). Total peripheral resistance (TPR) maintains the pressor response to isometric muscle contraction while stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) is reduced. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 190, s. 1504–1504.
• Hisdal, Jonny; Bakke, Espen & Stranden, Einar (2007). Slagvolum faller under statisk muskelarbeid mens blodtrykket opprettholdes som følge av økning i total perifer motstand. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger. ISSN 0801-5902.
• Nyheim, Thomas; Sandbæk, Gunnar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Stranden, Einar & Sundhagen, Jon Otto (2007). Endovaskulær stent-behandling ved iliakal arteriosklerose. TASC-inndeling. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger. ISSN 0801-5902.
• Nylænde, Marthe; Kroese, Andries Jan; Stranden, Einar; Morken, Brit; Sandbæk, Gunnar & Lindahl, Anne Karin [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Markers of vascular inflammation are associated with the extent of atherosclerosis assessed as angiographic score and treadmill walking distances in patients with PAD.
• Hodt, A; Hisdal, Jonny; Stugaard, Marie; Atar, Dan; Stranden, Einar & Steine, Kjetil (2005). Tissue Doppler early diastolic velocity in the left ventricle is equally dependent on changes in preload as LV transmitral early filling wave. European Heart Journal-Cardiovascular Imaging. ISSN 2047-2404.
• Rosales, Antonio; Slagsvold, Carl-erik; Kroese, Andries Jan; Stranden, Einar; Risum, Øyvind & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. (2005). Ekstern veneklaff-plastikk (EVKP) hos pasienter med primær kronisk venøs insuffisiens (PKVI).
• Risum, Øyvind; Nylænde, Marthe; Abdelnoor, Michael; Stranden, Einar; Morken, Brit & Sandbæk, Gunnar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2005). Resultatene av the Oslo balloon angioplasty versus conservativ treatment study (OBACT) på smerte og gangdistanse.
• Wester, Torjus; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Kroese, Andries Jan; Kazmi, SS & Sandbæk, Gunnar [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2005). Autologe stamceller i behandlingen av pasienter med kritisk iskemi – en pilotstudie.
• Schack, Jette; Hisdal, Jonny & Stranden, Einar (2005). Blodtrykksstigning hos pasienter med perifer arteriell sirkulasjonssvikt: Under fysisk trening av amputasjonspasienter.
• Kazmi, SS; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J.; Slagsvold, Carl-erik; Diep, LM & Bay, Dag [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2005). Ødemdistribusjon i underekstremiteter hos pasienter med proksimal femur fraktur (PFF) undersøkt med CT.
• Kazmi, SS; Stranden, Einar; Kroese, Andries Jan; Slagsvold, Carl-erik; Diep, LM & Strømsøe, Knut [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2005). Ødemutvikling i underekstremiteter hos pasienter med proksimal femur fraktur (PFF).
• Bakke, Espen; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Kroese, Andries Jan (2004). Blodtrykkstigning hos pasienter med perifer arteriell sirkulasjonssvikt (PAS).
• Bakke, Espen; Hisdal, Jonny; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Kroese, Andries Jan (2004). Blodtrykkstigning hos pasienter med perifer arteriell sirkulasjonssvikt.
• Schack, Jette; Hisdal, Jonny & Stranden, Einar (2004). Blodtrykkstigning hos pasienter med perifer arteriell sirkulasjonssvikt (PAS).
• Stranden, Einar (2003). Hevelse i beina.
• Hisdal, Jonny; Jørgensen, J.J. & Stranden, Einar (2003). Blodtrykkskontroll under isometrisk muskelarbeid.
• Kazmi, S.S.H.; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, J.J. & Kroese, Andries Jan (2003). Patofysiologi ved postoperativ ødemutvikling hos pasienter med proksimal femur fraktur (PFF).
• Kazmi, S.S.H.; Stranden, Einar; Slagvold, C. E.; Jørgensen, J.J.; Kroese, Andries Jan & Strømsøe, Knut [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2003). Ødemutvikling i underekstremiteter hos pasienter med proksimal femur fraktur (PFF).
• Wester, Tomas; Jørgensen, J.J.; Stranden, Einar; Bay, Dag; Sandbæk, Gunnar & Kollerøs, D [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2003). Behandling av pasienter med kritisk iskemi (KI) i underekstremitene med transplantasjon av autologe stamceller - en pilotstudie.
• Stranden, Einar; Wester, Tomas; Jørgensen, J.J. & Kroese, Andries Jan (2003). Terapeutisk angiogenese ved kritisk iskemi (KI) - Hvilke målemetoder bør velges?
• Stranden, Einar (2002). Klinisk fysiologisk kardiagnostikk. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 122, s. 1511–1511.
• Morken, Brit; Slagvold, C. E.; Nylænde, Marthe; Kroese, Andries Jan; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Gjønness, Eyvind [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2002). Farge duplex og MRA mot DSA på aortailiakale og infrainguinale arterier.
• Hisdal, Jonny; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Stranden, Einar (2002). Statisk muskelarbeid og arteriell karsykdom - uheldig kombinasjon?
• Nylænde, Marthe; Morken, Brit; Stranden, Einar; Jørgensen, Jørgen J. & Kroese, Andries Jan (2002). Henvisningspraksis for OBACT-studien.
• Stranden, Einar; Kroese, Andries Jan; Khiabani, Hassan Zare & Anvar, M. (2002). Arvelige komponenter ved venøs insuffisiens. En pilotstudie.
• Stranden, Einar; Kroese, Andries Jan; Khiabani, Hassan Zare; Anvar, Masoud D.; Torgersen, Kjersti & Riise, Berit (2001). Arvelige komponenter ved venøs insuffisiens.
• Stranden, Einar (2000). The arterial circulation: Physical principles and clinical application. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. ISSN 1078-5884. 20(5), s. 497–498.
• Kazmi, Syed Sajid Hussain & Stranden, Einar (2011). Lower limb oedema in patients with proximal femoral fracture : a study of pathogenetic mechanisms. Unipub forlag. ISSN 978-82-8264-119-7.
• Stranden, Einar (2004). Bensvullnad. Meda.

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